The Renaissance

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The Renaissance

• Chris Anderson
• Randolph-Henry High School
• Charlotte County
• andersoncm_at_ccps.k12.va.us

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The Renaissance

• The Renaissance lasted from 1350 until 1600
• Western Europe experienced a cultural awakening
• Europe was moving from the Middle Ages into the
  Modern Era
• People began to develop new ideas about the world
  around them

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The Italian Renaissance

• The Renaissance began in Florence, Italy
• Italy was in an ideal location to be the
  birthplace of the Renaissance
• Close to the old Byzantine Empire
• Center of trade in the Mediterranean

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• Italian scholars began to take lots of interest
  in the classical writing of the Greeks and Romans
• This increased interest in the classics is called
  humanism
• Humanists studied Greek and Latin works, old
  manuscripts, and even tried to copy the old works

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• Humanists began to admire much of the ancient
  Greek and Roman Culture

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• Humanists adopted many Roman and Greek beliefs
• 1.) seeking fulfillment in daily life
• 2.) all people have dignity and worth
• 3.) the ideal personone who can do almost
  anything (the Renaissance Man)

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• Humanists began opening schools to introduce the
  classics to people
• The humanist schools taught 4 subjects
• 1.) History
• 2.) Philosophy
• 3.) Latin
• 4.) Greek

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• Humanism brought about new types of
  writingmoving away from religion
• People wrote about daily life and feelings
• Petrarchintroduced the Sonnet
• A new way to express ideas in poetry

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• Machiavelliwrote The Prince
• The Prince was a book about Italian government
• Machiavelli supported the idea of absolute power
• In order to keep power, a ruler must do some evil

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Machiavelli
Petrarch
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• The Humanists began to challenge many long held
  beliefs
• Humanists also began to question the Catholic
  Church

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Italian City Life

• Feudalism was easily thrown away in Italy
• Most Italian cities were wealthy and
  self-controlling

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Italian City Life

• A new social order was created in the Italian
  city-states because money and wealth were more
  important than land ownership
• 1.) Wealthy Merchants and bankers
• 2.) Middle Class (artisans and shopkeepers)
• 3.) Lower Class (poor workers)
• 4.) Peasants--farmers

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Italian City Life

• Italy was NOT a unified nation during the
  Renaissance
• Each city-state was independent of the others
• Frequently, the peasants would revolt against the
  wealthy rulersusually, unsuccessfully

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Italian City Life

• 1400ssocial unrest was so bad that many
  city-states turned power over to a single leader,
  hoping to restore peace
• The leaders were called the Signori
• Signori were like dictatorsthey used threats and
  violence to keep peace

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Italian City Life

• City-states also fought with each other over the
  control of land
• City-states would hire soldiers to fight
• The richer city-states would have the most and
  best soldiers

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• There are three (3) important city-states that
  played major roles in the Italian Renaissance
• 1.) Florence
• 2.) Rome
• 3.) Venice

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Florence, Italy

• The Renaissance began in Florence, Italy
• Florence was ruled by the Medici family in the
  1400s
• The Medicis allowed the ideas of humanism to
  spread through Florence

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Florence, Italy

• The 1st Medici to rule FlorenceCosimo de Medici

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Florence, Italy

• Cosimo placed a heavy tax on the people of
  Florence
• Cosimo used the money to make improvement to the
  city

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Florence, Italy

• Lorenzo de Medici ruled Florence after his
  grandfather, Cosimo, died
• Lorenzo ruled from 1469 until
• 1492

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Florence, Italy

• Lorenzo kept his grandfathers heavy tax
• Lorenzo used the money to patron artists and
  writers

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Florence, Italy

• The Medicis were forced to hand power over to
  Savonarola because Florence had lost control over
  Europes cloth trade

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Florence, Italy

• Savonarola criticized the many vices in Florence
• Gambling, parties, paintings, swearing, etc.
• He also criticized the Catholic Church

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Rome, Italy

• The Renaissance moved to Rome in the early 1500s
• The Pope controlled Rome
• The different Popes rebuilt the city
• The Popes commissioned many different artists to
  decorate the palaces and churches

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Rome, Italy

• St. Peters Basilica was built during this time

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Rome, Italy

• Renaissance Popes became very corrupt, caring
  more about money and politics than spiritual
  matters
• The Popes wasted money on luxuries
• Many Europeans began to question the Church

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Venice, Italy

• City located over hundreds of small islands
• Venice had a monopoly over the trade with
  Asiamade Venice
• Venice was the wealthiest Italian city-state in
  the Late Renaissance

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Venice, Italy

• Venice had a republican form of government,
  headed by a Doge
• The Doge controlled the day-to-day activities of
  the city

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Artistic Achievements

• Renaissance art was lifelike and captivating
• Most art was still centered around religion
• Artists began to experiment with new techniques
• Perspective
• Studied anatomy
• Used gestures and expressions

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Artistic Achievements

• Architecture
• Filippo Brunelleschi built the dome above the
  Cathedral of Florence

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Brunelleschis Dome
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Artistic Achievements

• Painting and Sculpture
• Early Renaissance sculptors copied the classical
  works
• Statues were realistic
• Renaissance painters used new techniques to
  create realistic images in their works

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Artistic Achievements

• Painting and Sculpture
• Michelangelo was a painter and sculptor
• Sculpted David and La Pieta
• Painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

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Artistic Achievements

• Painting and Sculpture
• Donatello was a sculptor
• He was the 1st to use bronze since ancient times

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Artistic Achievements

• Painting and Sculpture
• Leonardo da Vinci was an artists as well as
  writer, scientist, inventor, etc.
• His famous works are the Mona Lisa and the Last
  Supper

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Northern Renaissance

• By the late 1400s, the Renaissance had moved to
  the Northern areas of Europe
• Renaissance ideas spread through contact and by
  the printing press

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Northern Renaissance

• 1494the French invaded Italy
• The French King became very interested in what he
  saw
• The King decided to bring a piece of the
  Renaissance back to France
• He brought with him Leonardo da Vinci back to
  France
• Other European kings wanted a piece of the
  Renaissance

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Northern Renaissance

• 1440Johannes Gutenberg developed moveable metal
  type for the printing press
• This innovation allowed for more books to be
  printed

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Gutenberg Bible
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Northern Renaissance

• French Renaissance
• Chateauxcastles built with a mixture of Gothic
  and classical style
• French writers wrote sonnets, satires, comic
  tales, and parodies

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Northern Renaissance

• Germany and the Low Countries
• German and Dutch began to replace Latin in
  writing
• Lots of books were printed
• Art took on a very religious tone
• Humanism and Christianity were blended
  togetherChristian Humanists

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Northern Renaissance

• Germany and the Low Countries
• Christian Humanists wanted to Church to be more
  like the original Church
• Most famous Christian humanistDesiderius Erasmus
• Erasmus believed his colleagues should be able to
  read Greek and Hebrew so they could read the
  original version of the Bible

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Erasmus
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Northern Renaissance

• Germany and the Low Countries
• 2 Flemish brothers changed the way painting was
  doneJan and Hubert van Eyck
• They were the 1st to use oil paints
• Allowed for brighter colors
• Easy to make changes

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Northern Renaissance

• Germany and the Low Countries
• Albrecht Durer was another artist known for his
  Renaissance works
• He created painting and wood cuts

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Northern Renaissance

• English Renaissance
• 1485The War of the Roses is over in England and
  the Renaissance comes to England
• The English Renaissance was known for its writers

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Northern Renaissance

• English Renaissance
• Sir Thomas More was a very famous English
  Humanist
• He criticized English society in his Book Utopia

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Sir Thomas More
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Northern Renaissance

• English Renaissance
• William Shakespeare is probably the most famous
  English Renaissance writer
• He wrote plays, sonnets, and essays
• Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, Hamlet, Julius Caesar,
  Richard III, Henry V, A Midsummer Nights Dream,
  Othello, etc.

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William Shakespeare