E T H I O P I A

1
ETHIOPIA

• Shannon Moore
• Meredith Watson

2
The Horn of Africa

• Ethiopia is a landlocked and mountainous country
  on the horn of Africa.
• This country cover 435,184 square miles. The size
  of California and Texas put together.
• The capital is Addis Ababa

3
History

• Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in
  Africa.
• During the 20th century Ethiopia escaped the
  colonial era remaining independent, unlike most
  countries around it. This made Ethiopia less
  developed with a HUGE gap between the different
  classes in Africa.

4
People

• The total population of Ethiopia is 67 Million.
• 1/3 population is Amharas and Tigreans.
• The remainder of the population are
  Oromos,Somalis, and Afars.

5
Languages Religion

• The languages spoken are Amharic, Orominya,
  Tigrinya, Afar, Somali, Arabic, French, English,
  and Italian.
• Religions in Ethiopia Orthodox Christians,
  Moslems

6
Interesting Facts

• Children eat separately from parents except for
  holidays and special occasions.
• Weddings last 2-3 days.
• Eating out is traditionally frowned upon as lazy
  or a sigh of poor home life.
• Sons usually bring their wives to live with or
  near their fathers family, and three or more
  generations in the male line frequently live
  under one roof or in one family compound.
• Porridge made from corn, barley, oats or sorghum
  flour boiled from milk is the most common food in
  nearly all areas.

7
Economy

• Nearly all Ethiopians are subsistence farmers
  with little access to the resources necessary to
  pursue their goals beyond feeding their family
  and clothing their children.
• 12 of the land is useable
• Coffee is the main cash crop generating more than
  half export earnings.

8
Government

• Ethiopia is divided into 10 ethnically based
  administrative regions. Each has its own
  parliament and council of ministers.
• President- Gidada Nagaso (head of state)
• Prime Minister- Meles Zenawi (head of government,
  has strong executive authority)

9
Achievements

• In cities, transportation is relatively easy to
  find and is affordable for the majority of
  Ethiopians.
• Transportation is available to all types of
  people and is easy to access
• Airlines operate efficiency
• Telephone network in major cities is fairly good.
  
• One television station and four radio stations
  broadcast in Ethiopia.
• Built many ancient structures, including 11
  churches in Lalibela carved from stone in the
  12th and 13th century.
• Western-style dating is becoming common in large
  cities in Ethiopia.

10
Challenges for Ethiopia

• Ethiopia is one of the poorest states in Africa.
• Income per capita is extremely low -average
  annual income - 100
• Two-thirds of the population are illiterate.
• The country has a history of famine.
• Extensive long-term agriculture has lead to
  deforestation and soil erosion in the northern
  highlands.
• civil war in both in Ethiopia and neighboring
  Sudan and Somalia
• climate change and an exhausted agricultural base
  have also been factors in food shortages.
• Poverty is a huge problem in Ethiopia for many
  years.
• Only around 40 of the population has access to
  health services
• Only 6 of mothers deliver children with the
  assistance of a doctors and nurses.

11
Work Citied

• http//www.selamta.net/culture.htm
• http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_pr
  ofiles/1072164.stm

12
MADAGASCAR
13
MAP OF MADAGASCAR
14
Geography

• Climate-2 Seasons
• Hot, rainy from November to April
• Dry season from May to October
• Southeastern trade winds dominate
• Occasional Cyclones

15
Independence Government

• June 26th 1960
• From the French
• The Tsiranana and French counter parts negotiated
  for a fully independent sovereign state.
• Constitution approved August 19th 1992.
• Separated powers-executive, legislative, and
  judicial branches.
• Multiparty political system.
• President in term for 5 year period, 2 term
  limit.

16
Basic Information

• Capital City Antananarivo
• Term for Citizens Malagasy
• Speak Malagasy and French
• Size 587,040 square kilometers
• 13,427,758 citizens
• 3.19 Annual growth rate
• 2.4 per square kilometer density

17
Major Diseases

• Malaria
• Schistosomiasis
• Tuberculosis
• Leprosy
• Sexually Transmitted Diseases.
• 38 have Gonorrhea
• 33 have Syphilis

18
MONEY MONEY MONEY MONEY

• FRANCS

19
Ethnicity/Race

• Malayo Indonesian
• Côtiers
• French
• Indian
• Creole
• Comoran

20
Religion

• Beliefs of indigenous is 52, NATIVES
• Christian 41, Jesus and GOD
• Islam 7, Muhammad and ALLAH

21
THEIR ANIMALS
22
i THEIR MOVIE!
23
Works Cited

• http//www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107743.html
• http//lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy_at_f
  ield(DOCIDmg0026)

24
Nigeria
25
Geography

• Covers 356,668 square miles on the west coast of
  Africa
• Borders Atlantic Ocean
• 30 of land is suitable for living

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28
Ethnicities

• Over 150 different ethnicities
• Most important are Hausa, Ibo, and Yoruba
• The Ibos were disliked by Hausa and Fulani
  because they were well educated
• The small groups are resentful of the fact that
  the larger groups like the Ibo have TOTAL
  DOMINATION over them
• The Ibos are the most powerful of all of the
  different groups in Nigeria

29
Independence

• Controlled by British during 19th century
• Became independent in 1960 after a series of
  constitutions following World War II
• Run by civilians

30
HOORAY FOR INDEPENDENCE!
31
Political Structure

• For sixteen years, there was military rule
• In 1999, a new constitution was adopted
• The transition to civilian government was
  completed peacefully and smoothly
• The current president is Umaru Yar'Adua
• The citizens vote for their leaders

32
PRESIDENT
Umaru Yar'Adua
33
Achievements! ?

• One of most vibrant media scenes in all of Africa
• All 36 states have their own radio stations
• Has experienced civilian rule for over 7 years

Nigerians looking at daily newspapers
34
Challenges ?

• Average life expectancy is only 43 years for men
  and women
• Government is trying to boost the currently poor
  economy
• The Niger Delta, which features many oil fields,
  has experienced constant violence and corruption
  for years.
• Corrupt/Flawed Elections
• AIDS

35
War over Oil
36
Sources Used

• http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_pr
  ofiles/1064557.stmoverview
• Book
• http//media.maps.com/magellan/Images/NIGERA-W1.gi
  f
• https//www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world
  -factbook/geos/ni.html

37
BY MICHAEL JAILHOUSE KLEINAND PATRICK
AWESOME SMITH
38
Nigeria

• Courtney Whiting
• Alex Hamill

39
Geography
Borders - Niger to the North - Gulf
of Guinea/Atlantic Ocean to South -
Benin to West - Cameroon to East

• Same size as California, Nevada, and Utah combined

• 30 of land is suitable for cultivation
• 15 of land is forest or woodlands
• Deserts in far north
• Beaches and swamps along the coast
• Tropical rainforests in the central regions

40
Climate

• North dry
• South hot and humid
• Rainy seasons from April to October

41
People

• As many as 150 ethnic groups
• Hausa 21
• Fulani 9 - north
• Ibo 17 - south east
• Yoruba 20 - southwest

• More than 250 languages spoken
• English is official language but less than half
  pop. Can speak it
• Religion divided between Muslims (north) and
  Christian (south east)
• Indentify with ethnicity first, then religion,
  then nationality

42
Independence

• Independent in 1960 from British influence
• became a republic in 1963
• Tensions among the ethnic groups
• After much unrest in1967 Ibos tried to separate
  from Nigeria naming their region the Independent
  Republic of Biafra
• 1967 -1970 a civil took place
• Africa supported Nigeria and not Biafra
• if Biafra separated then many other ethnic groups
  would follow their lead and set up their own
  states
• Biafra and Ibos defeated
• Nigeria united again

43
Government

• Government changed many times due to coups
• Some were civilian governments and some were
  military dictatorships

44
political structure

• 1985 General Ibrahim B. Babangida
  re-established order when he came to power
• Economic reforms restore stability and economy
• Promised political reform plan a restore on
  elected civilian government within 10 years

45
Current political structure

• Federal Republic of Nigeria
• 36 states, each with elected governor and
  legislators
• President can serve a max. of two four year terms
• Legislature has a senate

46
Economy

• One of the largest in Africa
• Failing due to corruption

• Large unemployment rate
• Major producer of peanuts as well as cocoa,
  cotton, yams, corn, and rice
• One of the worlds largest oil producer
• Rubber, cocoa, and petroleum account the majority
  of exports

47
Interesting Facts

• Life expectancy
• 51 for male
• 52 for female

• Few paved roads
• Modernized but poorly maintained
• 85 of kids complete elementary school
• 20 enroll in high school
• Less than 70 of pop. Has access to health care
• 20 of children die before age 5
• for wives

48

• Culturegrams 2003
• Textbook
• Pictures
• http//www.travel-images.com/biafra.gif
• http//www.espionageinfo.com/images/eeis_01_img001
  3.jpg
• http//www.everyculture.com/images/ctc_03_img0808.
  jpg
• http//www.africa-ata.org/images/AUG2006/devils-e
  lbow600--01230003.jpg
• http//www.atsnotes.com/catalog/nigeria/nigeria-19
  .JPG

49
Uganda

• By Cam Bogie
• And
• Alex DuMond

50
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51
Geography

• Uganda is landlocked country that borders Sudan
  to the North, Kenya to the East, Democratic
  Republic of Congo to the West and Rwanda and
  Tanzania to the South.
• It is 236,040 Square km. (Slightly smaller than
  Oregon)
• Uganda is tropical it is rainy with two dry
  seasons.
• It is mostly plateau with some mountains.

52
Ethnicity

• Its main ethnicities are Baganda 16.9, Banyakole
  9.5, Basoga 8.4, Bakiga 6.9, Iteso 6.4, Langi
  6.1, Acholi 4.7, Bagisu 4.6, Lugbara 4.2,
  Bunyoro 2.7, other 29.6.
• Roman Catholic 41.9, Protestant 42 (Anglican
  35.9, Pentecostal 4.6, Seventh Day Adventist
  1.5), Muslim 12.1, other 3.1, none 0.9.

53
Independence

• Uganda gained their independence in 1962 from
  Britain.
• Edward Muteesa II, became the President of Uganda
  after already being the king (or Kabeka).
• Mitlon Obote became Prime Minister.
• Then, in 1966, Obote overthrew the Constitution
  and declared himself president.

54
Current Political Structure

• Yoweri Museveni is the current President of
  Uganda, the head of state, and head of
  government.
• Apollo Nsibambi is the Prime Minister, and he was
  appointed by Museveni.
• Their parliament is formed by the National
  Assembly that has 303 members.
• Eighty-six of these members are nominated by
  interest groups, women and the army. The other
  217 are elected for 5-year terms during elections.

55
Achievements

• Uganda has great political opening, and is having
  economic growth.
• The Ugandan economy used to be based off of
  illegal smuggling, but now that is cured, so the
  government is able to make money.
• Ugandas economy has grown at a rate of more that
  6.

56
Challenges

• There is much genocide in Uganda led by Idi Amin
  Dada.
• The estimate range of death during the Ugandan
  genocide was 80,000-50,000.
• Since 1986, a rebel group calling itself the
  Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) has led an uprising
  in northern Uganda.
• Thousands have been killed
• Hundreds of thousands have fled from their homes
  and been displaced. They have had to live in
  displacement camps
• An estimated 20,000 children have been abducted
  by the LRA and forced to be rebel soldiers and
  wives.

57
Idi Amin
Left Idi Amin Right Archbishop Janani
Luwin This picture was taken right before the
Archbishop was murdered.
58
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59
Sources

• https//www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world
  -factbook/geos/ug.html
• http//allafrica.com/photoessay/ugandaidps/
• http//allafrica.com/photoessay/ugandaidps/photo7.
  html
• http//images.google.com/images?hlenqugandanfl
  aggbv2

60
Zaire

• By
• Sascha Renjifo Brendan Flanagan

61
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62
THE OLD FLAG OF THE DRC
63
GEOGRAPHY

• Zaire is 905,563 square miles.
• Zaire is about the size of the US, east of the
  Mississippi River.
• Situated in central Africa.
• Zaire has many abundant natural resources such
  as copper, oil, diamonds, gold,silver,zinc, tin,
  uranium, bauxite, iron ore, coal and timer.
• Much of the center and western zaire is tropical
  rainforest, the rest is grasslandl.
• Only three present of the land is under
  cultivation.

64
Population

• Zaire's population is 53.6 million
• About half of the population is under the age of
  15.
• The capital Kinshasa has a population of at least
  7 million people.
• There are more than 200 distinct ethnic groups.
• Bantu people account for 80 of the population.
• For the most part ethnic violence has not been a
  problem.

65
Language

• Broad casing, local business, daily
  communication, and primary school instruction
  occur in one of the four national languages, all
  of which are Bantu.
• Urban people might speak a mixture of local
  languages and French.
• French was the official language, but today it is
  only spoken by about 10 of the population.
• English has recently been considered to be added
  as a national language.

66
Religion

• 80 of the population is Christian
• 50 is Roman Catholic
• 20 belongs to various Protestant organizations
• 10 participates in indigenous Christian sect
  known as Kimbanguism
• 10 are Muslim
• 10 follow traditional beliefs

67
History

• Long ago the Bantu people moved into the Congo
  basin from West Africa.
• There were several kingdoms that existed there
  before the Europeans arrived.
• The Congo kingdom controlled the South West when
  the Portuguese came in the 1400s.

68
History Continued.

• In 1800, Leopold II of Belgian formed an
  international trading company that exploited the
  Congo regions rich resources.
• Leopold enslaved the people and plundered the
  land.
• Leopold's actions inspired many novels to be
  written, these eventually aroused international
  outcry.
• Due to this Belgium parliament sensed the domain
  from Leopold in 1908, and the area became known
  as the Belgian Congo.

69
History Continued, Continued..

• After WWII, following the trend in much of
  Africa, the Congolese negotiated with Belgium for
  there independence.
• In 1960 the country was named the DRC, and there
  first prime minister Patrice Lumumba came to
  power, and is still revered as a hero today.
• Soon after the Elections the Katanga province
  seceded and Lumumba was murdered by political
  rivals. This caused unrest to spread through out
  the region.

70
History Continued, Continued, Continued

• In 1965, Mobutu Sese Seko seized power and in
  1971 he began an Africanization campaign and
  changed the countries name to the Republic of
  Zaire.
• He encouraged people to get rid of all western
  lifestyle including religion.
• He ruled as a dictatorship and lived in luxury,
  ignoring the needs of his people.

71
History Continued, Continued, Continued,
Continued.

• Under pressure, Mobutu allowed free elections in
  1991.
• He did agree initially to appoint his rival
  Tshisekedi as prime minister. But this ended up
  causing a power struggle between Mobutu and
  Tshisekedi.
• Much of the nations infrastructure stoped working
  and the lifestyle revered to that of the 19th
  century.

72
History Continued, Continued, Continued,
Continued, Continued..

• In 1994 there was minor political reform, but the
  war in Rwanda spilled into Zaire.
• Due to this much fighting between Hutus and
  Tutsis occurred in Zaire.
• This inevitably caused rebel leader Laurent
  Kabila to seized power, and Mobutu fled.
• Kabila changed the name back the DRC.
• He ruled the country as a dictator and lied to
  the people.

73
LAST SLIDE

• In 1998, Kabilas allies accused him for
  corruption and a huge civil war broke out.
• Many countries were involved, and there was a
  sporadic but very violent fighting.
• In 2001, Kabila was assassinated, and his son
  took over presidency.
• His son tried to bring an end to fighting but was
  unsuccessful.

74
Zimbabwe

• Cameron Ross
• Ryan MacDonald

75
Geography

• Landlocked Country
• 150,803 square miles
• Located on Africas Great Plateau
• Pleasant and mild Climate
• The rainy season is the summer.
• Rivers in the Northwest and South
• Lush forests are located in the East

76
People

• 11.4 million
• 98 of the population is African
• 71 of the African population is Shona
• 16 of the African population is Ndebele
• 70 of the Population lives in Rural Settings
• English is the official language.
• Shona and Ndebele are the most common native
  languages.

77
Independence

• The Blacks initially tried to improve their lives
  through the use of nonviolent means.
• Then in 1970, military use was deemed the best
  way to achieve their goals.
• Guerilla attacks were conducted by the ZAPU and
  the ZANU.
• At the end of 1978, over 12,000 people had been
  killed.
• Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) economy crippled
  following guerilla attacks on railroads.
• Their were also sanctions on Rhodesia by the
  international country
• This caused great pressure on the government to
  comply with the blacks.

78
Independence Cont.

• Prime Minister Smith agreed to talks with the
  black leaders inside Rhodesia, not the exiled
  ones (ZANU ZAPU).
• An agreement was eventually reached.
• In 1979, Smith ended the Rhodesian Parliament,
  bringing an end to 88 years of white rule.
• Elections went ahead in 1979, even though their
  was an increase in guerilla attacks by the two
  groups who werent included in the talks with
  Smith. (ZANU ZAPU)
• Bishop Muzorewa was sworn in as the first black
  Prime Minister.
• In February 1980, elections were held again, and
  Robert Mugabe of the ZANU won with 63 of the
  vote. The ZAPU came in second.
• Zimbabwe officially gained independence in April
  1980.

79
Current Political Structure

• Zimbabwe is a parliamentary democracy.
• The President has two vice presidents and a
  cabinent.
• All citizens over the age of 18 vote to elect a
  Parliament.
• There were 100 members when the blacks initially
  gained control.
• 72 seats for Blacks and 28 seats for Whites.
• There are now 150 parliament members.
• 120 are directly elected, 12 appointed by the
  President, 10 for traditional chiefs, and 8 for
  the provincial governors.

80
Achievements

• Zimbabwe hold 1/10 of the Worlds chromite.
• Many countries around the world promise new
  investments in Zimbabwe.
• Lower poverty rate than most countries in Africa.
• 25 of the population was poor in 1990, but now
  only 7 is.

81
Challenges

• The economy depends heavily on the weather.
• Drought affect not only crops, but also
  hydroelectric power output, therefore affecting
  industrial production.
• Zimbabwe has one of the Worlds largest HIV
  infection rate.
• 1 in every 4 adults is infected and life
  expectancy rates are falling rapidly.
• The ZANU and ZAPU parties continually fought and
  their relations deteriorated.
• This caused for instability and constant
  fighting.
• There is a shortage of railroads to transport
  goods to the coast for exporting.

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(No Transcript)
84
Sources

• Text Book
• Culture Gram 2003
• http//wbln0018.worldbank.org/dg/povertys.nsf/0/aa
  cb0508f0ba718e85256b22005c3e45?OpenDocument

85
Zimbabwe
H A N N A H P E C K
E R I C A L O N G
C H R I S T I N A D E M
A I O
86
Maps
87
Basic Geography

• Landlocked
• Covers 150,803 square miles
• Forests along the border with Mozambique
• Mild Climate
• Winter from May until August
• Summer from November until March
• Some places can reach over 100 F

88
Ethnicities

• 11.4 Million People
• 98 African
• The largest African groups are the Shona (71),
  and the Ndebele (16).
• Other African groups are the Tonga, Venda, and
  Shanggaan.
• Remaining 2 are descendants of Europeans (mainly
  British), mixed descent, and Indian descent.

89
Government

• Parliamentary democracy, but ZANU-PF (political
  party) controls most government offices
• There is a president (President Mugabe), two vice
  presidents, and a cabinet.
• There are 150 members of parliament, and 120 are
  elected.
• Of the 30 members that arent elected, 12 are
  appointed by the president, 10 are reserved for
  traditional chiefs, and 8 are provincial
  governors
• The voting age is 18.

90
History

• Settled by British and Afrikaner settlers who had
  moved up from the South
• In 1889, the British South Africa Company was
  formed by Cecil Rhodes
• The land was called Southern Rhodesia, in his
  honor

91
More History

• In 1923, the settlers voted to become a British
  colony, (still called Southern Rhodesia), not a
  British South Africa Company possession.
• In 1930, the Land Apportionment Act gave half of
  the land to whites and native reserves for
  blacks.
• The inequality led to many rebellions and a civil
  war.

92
Independence

• In 1965, the government (white-minority) led by
  Ian Smith declared independence from Britain.
• As a result, there were civil wars, and sanctions
  from the UN.
• In 1980, there were multi-racial elections
• Zimbabwe was recognized as an independent country
• Robert Mugabe was elected Prime Minister.

93
Challenges

• Severe famine in 2002 occurred because of drought
• Has one of the worlds largest HIV infection
  rates
• The troops of Zimbabwe were involved in a long
  war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
• Lowest life expectancy in the world 37 for
  males, 34 for females
• Unemployment may be as high as 60
• Sanctions were imposed on Zimbabwe in 2002 by
  several countries
• Poverty and language is a problem in educating
  the people

94
Achievements

• Education is very important in Zimbabwe- nearly
  all children attend at least seven years of
  school.
• Zimbabwe is at the top of developing countries in
  terms of the number and speed of its
  achievements.
• Drought relief and child supplementary feeding
  programs have been successful.

95
Works Consulted

• Republic of Zimbabwe. Culture Grams. 2003.
• http//wbln0018.worldbank.org/dg/povertys.nsf/0/aa
  cb0508f0ba718e85256b22005c3e45?OpenDocument
• Gellar, Harriet and Erwin M. Rosenfeld. Global
  Studies Volume 1. Hauppauge, NY Barrons
  Educational Series, 1993.