Boise City Club November 17, 2004

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Boise City ClubNovember 17, 2004

• Dr. Robert H. Freilich
• Freilich, Leitner Carlisle

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Plan

• An orderly arrangement of parts of an overall
  design or objective
• The use of mans or womans intelligence with a
  little forethought

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(No Transcript)
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Impending Growth Problems

• Decline in existing built-up areas
• Degradation of the environment
• Over utilization of energy sources
• Fiscal strains
• Deficiencies in public facilities
• Overburdened transportation facilities
• Loss of hillside and habitat areas

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Sprawl is a Conservative Fiscal Issue

• Growth has helped fuel unparalleled economic
  and population boom and has enabled millions to
  realize the enduring dream of home ownership
  but sprawl has created enormous costs
  Ironically, unchecked sprawl has shifted from an
  engine of growth to a force that now threatens
  to inhibit growth and degrade the quality of our
  life.
• Beyond Sprawl, 1995
• Bank of America

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The Public Infrastructure Gap

• National infrastructure
• deficiencies now exceed
• 4 trillion
• 4,000,000,000,000

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Capital Costs Shifted to Existing Development
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Relative Cost of Planned Development v. Sprawl

• Facility Sprawl Planned Development
• Duncan Burchell Frank Synthesis
• Roads 100 40 76 73 75
• Schools 100 93 97 99 95
• Utilities 100 60 92 66 85
• Other 100 102 N/A 100 N/A

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Goals

• Urban Growth
• Reduce Sprawl
• Economic Development
• Property Rights
• Agricultural Preservation

• Open Space Recreation
• Environment
• Citizen Participation Coordination
• Public Facilities and Services

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Growth Management Rationale

• Adequate Public Facilities
• Off-Site Impacts
• Comprehensive Plan Consistency
• Integrated v. Incremental Approach
• Defined Growth Areas
• Resource Protection (ag. env.)

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Ancillary Techniques

• Inter-governmental agreements
• Corridors/ Centers
• Joint Development
• Concurrency
• Environmentally Sensitive Lands

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Importance of Alternatives

• Identify reasonable choices
• Analyze the impacts of those choices
• Use process to forge consensus / long-term
  support

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Alternatives

• Alternative Scenario Maps
• Policy Alternatives
• Preferred Alternative Selection
• Policy Refinement
• Analysis of fiscal, transportation,
  environmental, and legal impacts

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San Diego
Before
After
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Transportation Planning Joint
Public/PrivateDevelopment
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Joint Planning - Bridging the City/County Gap

• Comprehensive Plan as Constitution
• Mutual definition of growth tiers
• Targets State funding to priority growth areas
• Linkage between CIP, development and annexation
• Adequate public facilities required
• Promotes creative, efficient development
• Limitations on sprawl

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Local Government Roles in Joint Development of
Transit Centers

• assemble property
• provide flexible zoning / incentives
• secure low cost financing
• construct infrastructure
• coordinate govt agencies
• expedite development process
• designate transit corridor
• establish transit service / centers

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Joint Development Regulatory Incentives

• Parking reductions
• Impact fee reductions
• Concurrency waivers (TCMA)
• Density bonuses
• TDR
• Expedited processing

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Joint Development Techniques

• Excess Condemnation
• Long term leasing/value capture
• Negotiated private sector investments
• Connection fees
• Concessions

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Concurrency and Adequate Public Facilities
Planning
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Concurrency

• Timing and Sequencing (police powers)
• CIP (fiscal powers)
• Carrying Capacity

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Timing of Development Public Facilities
Growth
Capacity
Time
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FundingFacilities
Analysis
Adopt LOS Standards
Deficiencies
No Deficiencies
Facilities for New Dev.
Facilities for Existing Dev.
General Rev. Transfers Ad Valorem Tax
Joint Funding License/Excise Tax Asset
Mgmnt. Utility Rates Trans.Corps User
Fees
Impact Fees, TDDs, Mandatory Dedications Improvem
ent Requirements Mitigation Fees, CDDs
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Dolan/Ehrlich Analysisof Concurrency
New Growth Related Facilities
Impact Fees
Concurrency
Good Faith Test
Rough Proportionality Dolan v. City of Tigard
Deficiencies in public services
Deny Approval
Florida Rationally Related Test
Development Agreement
CIP will solve deficiencies within reasonable
period of time
Leveraged Negotiation (Ehrlich v. Culver City)
Developer gains vested rights, local govt gains
facilities in greater capacity than rough
proportionality
Golden v. Planning Board, Town of Ramapo applies
to school facilities
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Development Agreements

• Concurrency management
• Serve new demand
• Solve existing deficiencies
• Growth management
• Litigation defense

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Congestion Management Regulatory Alternatives

• Zoning
• Subdivision Approval
• CUP/SUP
• Impact Analysis
• DRI/Special Review
• Exactions/development agreements
• Impact fees

• Adequate Public Facilities Ordinances (APFOs)/
  Concurrency
• Congestion Pricing
• Neotraditional/TOD
• TDM
• Access management
• TDR

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Transportation

• Patterns
• Corridors - linear land use patterns that form
  around regional transportation connectors
• Centers - the nuclei of the region, with a
  concentration of the land use activity and
  transportation improvements the commercial,
  residential, entertainment and employment hubs
  for a region
• Nodes - concentrations of land use activities
  that form at the intersection of corridors or
  other transportation routes
• Adequate public facilities based on established
  levels of service

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Corridors, Nodes and Centers Concept
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Multiple Use
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Conventional v. Traditional Neighborhood
Development
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Mixed Use
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Rural Design the New Ruralism
Urban Design the New Urbanism
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Design New Urbanism

• Actions
• Transportation investment in highways
• Land use standards promote auto-oriented
  development
• Reactions
• Hastened decline of urban core
• Forced a love-hate reliance on autos
• Fostered call for transit supportive land use
  policies

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Elements of New Urbanism

• Use
• Density
• Proximity
• Bulk/Setback/Area
• Mixed uses
• Grid street system
• Urban design

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Joint Development Regulatory Incentives

• Parking reductions
• Impact fee reductions
• Concurrency waivers (TCMA)
• Density bonuses
• TDR
• Expedited processing

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Joint Planning - Bridging the City/County Gap

• Comprehensive Plan as Constitution
• Mutual definition of growth tiers
• Targets State funding to priority growth areas
• Linkage between CIP, development and annexation
• Adequate public facilities required
• Promotes creative, efficient development
• Limitations on sprawl

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Concurrency and Adequate Public Facilities
Planning
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Timing of Development Public Facilities
Growth
Capacity
Time
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FundingFacilities
Analysis
Adopt LOS Standards
Deficiencies
No Deficiencies
Facilities for New Dev.
Facilities for Existing Dev.
General Rev. Transfers Ad Valorem Tax
Joint Funding License/Excise Tax Asset
Mgmnt. Utility Rates Trans.Corps User
Fees
Impact Fees, TDDs, Mandatory Dedications Improvem
ent Requirements Mitigation Fees, CDDs
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Development Agreements

• Concurrency management
• Serve new demand
• Solve existing deficiencies
• Growth management
• Litigation defense

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Congestion Management Regulatory Alternatives

• Zoning
• Subdivision Approval
• CUP/SUP
• Impact Analysis
• DRI/Special Review
• Exactions/development agreements
• Impact fees

• Adequate Public Facilities Ordinances (APFOs)/
  Concurrency
• Congestion Pricing
• Neotraditional/TOD
• TDM
• Access management
• TDR

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Transportation

• Patterns
• Corridors - linear land use patterns that form
  around regional transportation connectors
• Centers - the nuclei of the region, with a
  concentration of the land use activity and
  transportation improvements the commercial,
  residential, entertainment and employment hubs
  for a region
• Nodes - concentrations of land use activities
  that form at the intersection of corridors or
  other transportation routes
• Adequate public facilities based on established
  levels of service

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Corridors, Nodes and Centers Concept
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Multiple Use
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Conventional v. Traditional Neighborhood
Development
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Blueprint for Good Growth Communities in Motion
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Blueprint for Good GrowthProcess
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Demographics

• Population to increase by 220,000 by 2030 or
  8,200 people per year in Ada County
• Housing nearly 3,800 new housing units needed
  each year in Ada County

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Population Projections
Source COMPASS Demographics Advisory Committee
Canyon County
Ada County
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Ada Co. Population Projections
Source COMPASS Demographics Advisory Committee
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Anticipated Growth Means

• Increased traffic
• Increased demands for utilities and services
  leading to
• Major deficiencies
• Fiscal impacts
• Need for new schools and other public facilities
• Increasing land use conflicts

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Preserve quality of life
Manage traffic congestion and air pollution
Link public investment to community goals
Link development and facility availability
Provide flexible tools to achieve goals
Strengthen neighborhoods downtowns
Protect Taxpayers from Costs of Growth
Protect natural resources
Encourage public and private investment that
achieves goals
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Contact Information

• Karen Doherty
• kdoherty_at_dohertyeng.com
• 208-336-0420
• Blueprintforgoodgrowth.com
• Communitiesinmotion.org