Prsented by: Ben Elisondo

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Confined Space Training

• Permit-Required Confined Spaces
• Title 8 Sections 5156-5159

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Confined Space Statistics

• Leading cause of occupational fatalities in this
  country
• The Standard covers 240,000 workplaces and 12.2
  million workers
• Workers make 4.8 million entries/year
• Standard may prevent 85 of fatalities and
  nearly 11,000 injuries

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Definition of a Confined Space(must meet all
three criteria)

• Limited means for entry or exit (manholes,
  vaults, pits)
• Large enough so configured that an employee can
  bodily enter and
• perform assigned work
• Not designed for continuous occupancy
• Two types Permit Non-Permit Required Spaces

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Definition of Permit-RequiredConfined Spaces

• A confined space that has one or more of the
  following characteristics
• Contains or has potential to contain a hazardous
  atmosphere
• Potential for engulfment
• Internal configuration that can trap or
  asphyxiate entrant
• Any other serious safety or health hazards
  (electrical, hot work, drowning . . .)

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What is a Hazardous Atmosphere?

• An atmosphere that may expose employees to the
  risk of death, incapacitation, impairment of
  ability to self-rescue, or acute illness
  resulting from the following
• Flammable gas, vapor or mist in excess of 10 of
  the LFL
• Combustible dust at a concentration that is gt or
  LFL
• Oxygen concentration lt 19.5 or gt 23.5
• Any substance with concentration gt PEL
• Any other atmospheric concentration that is IDLH

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Permit-Required Spaces on Campus

• Electrical vaults electrical hazards, low
  oxygen, /or asbestos
• Sewer manholes CO, low oxygen,
• /or toxic gases
• Storm drain manholes
• CO, low oxygen, /or toxic gases

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Permit-Required Spaces on Campus (cont)

• Pool Pit lack of oxygen, toxic gases,
• /or drowning
• Sewer Tanks toxic gases, low oxygen,
• drowning, /or electrocution hazards
• Communication Vaults low
• oxygen, asbestos,
• /or electrical hazards

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Non-Permit Required Spaces

• Spaces that do not contain or, with respect to
  atmospheric hazards, have the potential to
  contain any hazard capable of causing death or
  serious physical harm
• Utility closets
• Below-grade trenches
• Storage vaults
• Utility subbasements

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Confined Spaces on Campus

• EHS and PPM jointly determine which types of
  spaces or specific spaces are defined as confined
  spaces
• All confined spaces on campus will be considered
  Permit Required until pre-entry procedures
  determine otherwise.
• Only the Entry Supervisor is authorized to
  downgrade entry requirements.

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Confined Space Entry Procedures

• Space Evaluation
• Alternate Entry Procedures
• Permit-Required Entry Procedures

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Space Evaluation

• Refer to Flow Chart
• Entry Supervisor must evaluate authorize an
  entry
• This will determine if Alternate Entry or
  Permit-Required
• If the space is reclassified as an Alternate
  Entry then the following conditions must exist
• only hazard is the potential for a hazardous
  atmosphere and
• potential hazard can be eliminated through
  continued forced
• air ventilation and
• previous current gas tests must show above two
  conditions are true

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Alternate Entry Procedures

• Procedure that may be used to enter a confined
  space if the only hazard present in the space is
  atmospheric in nature and
• The atmospheric hazard can be controlled by
  mechanical ventilation alone and
• The permit space will not become immediately
  dangerous to life and health (IDLH) if the
  mechanical ventilation should fail.

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Alternate Entry Procedures (cont)

• Entry Supervisor ensures space has been properly
  classified
• Use guarding/cover/barrier to prevent
• falls (when removing cover)
• Lock out/tag out all hazardous
• energy sources
• Complete log
• Test for O2, flammable gases/vapors and potential
  toxic air contaminants
• Set up ventilation (supply air taken from clean
  source)
• The Entrant will evacuate the confined space if
  he/she becomes aware of an unrecognized hazard

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Permit Required Entry Procedures

• Entry Supervisor, Entry Attendant and Entrant
  must participate
• Inspect and setup safety equipment
• Entry Supervisor establishes specific rescue
  procedures
• Lock and tag out all hazardous sources of energy
• Use guarding If removing an entrance cover
• Sample and record air for hazardous contaminants
• Entry Supervisor completes Permit prior to entry

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Permit Required Entry Procedures (cont)

• Attendant verifies acceptable entry conditions
• Entrant wears retrieval equipment during entire
  operation
• Attendant continuously monitors atmosphere
  records readings with the portable gas detector
• Immediately evacuate space if safety equipment
  fails or space becomes or has potential to become
  immediately hazardous
• Upon completion, Entry Supervisor completes
  permit and files

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Potential Confined Space Hazards

• Engulfment
• Oxygen deficiency (19.5 or less)
• Oxygen enrichment (23.5 or higher)
• Flammable gases or vapors
• Combustible dusts
• Toxic substances
• IDLH atmospheres
• Physical hazards

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Monitoring Confined Space Air Quality

• Prior to entering any confined space, prepare the
  gas detector
• Conduct a bump test. Breathe into the gas
  detector probe and look for a decrease in oxygen
  concentration - should alarm
• Sample air quality by slightly removing lid or
  through hole in lid before completely opening the
  space
• Monitor with probe slowly at different vertical
  heights
• Measure in the following order
• Oxygen, LEL, H2S, CO
• Record results on the Confined Space Entry Permit
  Record Sheet

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Monitoring Confined Space Air Quality (cont.)

• The gas detector must be on during the ENTIRE
  entry operation
• Will be regularly inspected by the Attendant.
• Record gas readings at a minimum of one hour
  intervals
• Cease entry operations and remove entry personnel
  if the following concentrations are exceeded at
  any time
• Oxygen reading less than 19.5 or greater than
  22.5
• Combustible gas reading greater than 9 LEL
• H2S reading greater than 9 ppm
• CO reading greater than 34 ppm

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Ventilating a Confined Space

• Set up one or more blowers to
• provide adequate ventilation for
• the space. Ventilation must be
• forced draft discharge of clean air
• into space (not exhaust of space)
• Ensure ventilation air supply is from clean
  source
• Allow enough time for blowers to clear the space
  before entering.
• Ensure that the blowers remain on during the
  entire entry procedure. If the blower fails, the
  Entrant must leave the space immediately
• Note this applies to both Permit Required and
  Alternate Entry procedures

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Types of Personal Protective Equipment

• Protective clothing
• Welding apron/sleeves
• Respirators
• Gloves
• Safety glasses

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Retrieval Equipment

• Rescue harness (chest or full body)
• Rescue tripod
• Rope or cable (inspect for damage)

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Department Responsibilities

• EHS
• Establish update written program
• provide training
• review records provide consultation
• PPM Communication Services
• Ensure all involved employees receive training
  follow procedures
• provide and maintain equipment
• maintain records

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Entry Supervisor Responsibilities

• Ensure all persons involved in a confined space
  entry are properly trained
• Evaluate and classify the confined space prior to
  entry
• Complete the Confined Space Entry Permit (if
  required)
• Ensure canceled permits are properly filed

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Entrant Responsibilities

• Completed Confined Space training
• Must stay in constant contact with the Attendant
  (I.e. sight, voice, or radio) during a Permit
  Required Confined Space entry
• Use the appropriate safety equipment as specified
  on the Entry Permit

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Entry Attendant Responsibilities

• Completed Confined Space Training
• Obtain install required safety equipment for
  Permit Required Confined Space entries
• Monitor pedestrian barriers to protect entrant(s)
  from external hazards
• Monitor the atmosphere during the entire entry
  operation
• Must remain in position until relieved by another
  trained Attendant
• Ensure all lockout/tagout measures (if
  implemented) remain in place
• Responsible for ordering an evacuation if a
  situation develops that could endanger the Entrant

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Rescuer Responsibilities

• Understand the hazards of the space
• All rescues attempted by CSUN personnel will be
  Non-Entry Rescues (i.e. rescuer will not enter
  the space at any time during rescue)
• Retrieval equipment is required for all Permit
  Required vertical entries greater than 5 feet
• Be certified in emergency first aid and CPR
• Entry Supervisor must determine how emergency
  personnel will be notified
• Understand appropriate entry procedures
• Know how to use rescue equipment
• Practice confined space rescues at least annually

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Training

• All Campus employees who participate in Permit
  Required or Alternate Entry Procedures including
  Entrance Supervisors, Attendants, and Entrants,
  must receive training in the requirements of this
  program
• All Campus employees who are designated as rescue
  personnel must be trained in proper rescue
  techniques as well as CPR and First Aid

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REMEMBER . . .

• Call EHS if area is questionable
• 99 of entries are alternate entry
• The campus has changed over time, and is still
  changing, so dont rely on past history
• Use the decision flow chart each time!
• Only the Entry Supervisor may downgrade
• All rescues are non-entry
• Be safe!