HISTORY OF SAO PAULO

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HISTORY OF SAO PAULO
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First Steps

• What today is the city of Sao Paulo used to be
  inhabited in Prehispanic times by Tupian-speaking
  peoples along the coast and by the Tapuia in the
  interior.
•  
• During the first years of the Portuguese
  expansion in South America, the basic pattern of
  settlement was to establish some trading posts
  along the coasts for the purpose of storing goods
  (wood, mineral and stones), that would later be
  sent to the metropolis.

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American Part of the Planisphere, Pierre
Descelliers Parte americana do planisfério, por
Pierre Descelliers(59,5 x 77,5 cm)map, 1546
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First Foundation of Sao Paulo
On January 20th 1532 Martim Afonso de Souza
founded Sao Vicente, one of the first and oldest
settlements of what now comprises the territory
of Brazil. The first foundation of Sao Vicente
was carried out in order to secure the possession
of this region from foreigners. Sugar cane was
the first economic activity of these first
settlers, but the location of the fields on a
narrow strip of On January 25th 1554 Jesuits,
whose mission was to convert as many Indians as
they could, founded a school in the Sierra del
Mar. Soon, next to the school, houses were built,
and thus, the first urban settlement of what
would later become Sao Paulo began.
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Portugal in World History
By that time, Portugal was one of the richest
countries in Europe (the country had colonized
much of Africa and had solid, profitable
commercial relations with oriental countries).
However, it had no intention of settling in the
new land a few missions were sent to patrol the
coast and guarantee the possession, but no cities
were founded.
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The Coast of Brazil, between Cabo de Santo de
Agostinho and the Cururipe River, by Van
Keulen(51 x 57 cm)gravura, 1683
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Jesuists and Bandeirantes
On January 25th 1554 Jesuits founded a school to
convert the Indians in the Sierra del Mar, which
would later become the city of Sao Paolo. But the
Jesuits were not alone behind them came the
bandeirantes, groups of frontiersmen who explored
the unknown lands of western Brazil searching for
Gold, and who chased the Indians away to be
enslaved in the cane plantations.
Combat between Indians and Bandeirantes(Detail
from a grabado of Jean Baptiste Debret)
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Bandeiras
The bandeiras, the name given to a group of
bandeirantes, ventured into territories that
according to the Tratado de Tordesillas didnt
belong to the Portuguese. Bandeirantes were
essential for the expansion and territorial
formation of Brazil. Many modern cities like Sao
Paolo grew around the mines that the bandeirantes
discovered.
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al/imagens/divpol/sudeste/sp02-01.jpg
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_mon_band.htm
Monument of the Bandeirantes Victor Brecheret,
Sao Paulo
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XIX century
During the early part of the 19th century, two
events significantly changed São Paulo. The first
took place in 1882, when Emperor Pedro I
proclaimed Brazil's independence from Portugal.
The second occurred a few years later with the
founding of the Law School, which attracted a
new, transient population of students and
intellectuals. As a political and intellectual
center, São Paulo became a leader both in the
campaign to abolish slavery and in the founding
of the republic.
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Farms and the City
At the beginning of the 19th century, the sugar
cane farms gradually occupied the banks of rivers
Tietê and Paraíba do Sul, near the city of São
Paulo (not by coincidence, these areas were the
first ones to see coffee farms, later on).  
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ria/S_o_Paulo/porto_img.jpg
São Paulo was going through a major change
bandeirantes were replaced by farmers and sugar
producers. However, while in the northeast farms
had an almost feudal structure (the patriarchs
had nearly absolute power), in São Paulo there
was a co-existence between the farms and nearby
urban cities, and prosperity soon came to the
region.
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The Introduction of Coffee
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ria/S_o_Paulo/cafe_img.JPG
Farmers in Sao Paulo came to realize that coffee
had a much better potential than sugar cane, and
soon coffee replaced sugar as the dominant export
product. Revenues from coffee plantations were
largely responsible for the industrialization of
the city and the region as well as for the
construction of railways that connected Sao Paulo
with other major cities.
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Sao Paulo and immigration
In 1888, slavery was altogether abolished in
Brazil. Aware of the inevitability of the
abolition, the São Paulo farmers had been
contracting Italian immigrants to work in the
coffee plantations since the 1870s.
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Immigration Passport photo of an Italian
familyItaly, 1923
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Immigration in Brazil
In the continent, the United States, Argentina
and Brazil (in descending order) were the
countries that received most immigrants. In
Brazil's case, statistics show that 4.5 million
people immigrated to the country between 1882 and
1934. Of this total, 2.3 million disembarked as
third-class passengers at the port of Santos in
São Paulo State.
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Family of italian inmigrants in the Colonial
Nucleus of Jorge Tibiraá, Rio Claro, interior of
Sao Paulo, 1911.
This influx of population, sponsored by the
government, was no longer intended to attract
families to set up smallholdings, but instead to
hire hands to work in the coffee plantations.
Immigrants arriving to Brazil, before landing
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Sao Paulo XX Century
Brazil became a Republic in 1889 the first two
Presidents, who came out of the military, had
both been leaders of the republican revolution.
Afterwards São Paulo elected its first three
civilian Presidents, who ruled from 1894 to 1902
Prudente de Morais, Campos Sales and Rodrigues
Alves.
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inos-saopaulo/SP_saopaulo_02_g.jpg
At the beginning of the 20th century, São Paulo
was the richest Brazilian province. It had the
most educated and skilled population, and
politicians eager to assume power. The State was
ready to become an economic and political leader
of the Brazilian Republic.
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Industrialization of Sao Paulo
During this time, another major change was
happening in São Paulo industrialization. A
large number of men, free, well-paid and salaried
, was being formed for the first time in the
history of the country. Using the financial
savings of the coffee barons, entrepreneurs
(often, immigrants with specialized skills)
started small factories to supply goods for this
growing internal market.
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Sao Paulo, the City
The basic industries (steel and oil refineries),
the large consumer market, the educated labor
force, among other factors, kept attracting
industries. During the 1950s, when President
Juscelino Kubstcheck gave incentives to foreigner
car makers to come to Brazil, General Motors,
Volkswagen and Ford established plants in São
Bernardo do Campo. They were followed by many
other auto part makers.
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By the time Sao Paulo celebrated its 400th
anniversary in 1954, it was the largest
industrial center in Latin America. By the same
year, about one million of its 2,700,000
residents were factory workers. Skyscrapers went
up rapidly, commerce spread everywhere, and
170,000 automobiles created the first traffic
jams in its main streets and avenues.
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Sao Paulo, 1980s
After the first decades of the 20th century,
foreign immigration slowed down, and another
phenomenon became clearer and clearer - internal
immigration. Attracted by prosperity, millions
of Brazilians (mostly from the Northeastern
States) migrated to São Paulo. Lacking education
and other skills, the vast majority ended up
working in lower jobs, such as construction.
  São Paulo (known, during the 1980s, as the
fastest growing city in the world) had many of
its sky-scrapers built by the nordestinos, people
from the North.
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Sao Paulo Today
The internal migration had cultural impacts.
Recent census show that São Paulo has more
northeasterners than most capital cities in the
Northeast. Vocabulary, culinary and manners of
other Brazilians were incorporated into the life
of São Paulo, thus mixing the cultures of the
Indigenous peoples, Portuguese, Blacks and other
immigrants who had come before. Besides being
the richest, São Paulo is the most multicultural
State of Brazil.  
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inos-saopaulo/SP_saopaulo_15_g.jpg
Today, the citys area is of 1575 sq kilometers
(575 sq miles). In 2003, its population was 10.9
million, making it the largest city in Brazil by
far and the worlds second largest city in terms
of population.
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Images of Sao Paulo
Museum of Ipiranga
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Images of Sao Paulo
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International Gastronomy
Since its beginnings, São Paulo has been the
principal economic capital of Brazil. It has had
an important influx of inmigration from many
countries including Japan, Italy, and Germany.
An important consequence of this presence is
visible in the amazing variety of the gastronomic
choices that the city offers to its visitors.
Japanese food, Italian food, Portuguese food, and
other international foods are part of the wide
array of combinations that are present today in
Sao Paulo.  
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Sources

• Ministry of Tourism of Brazil
• Website www.embratur.gov.br
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Brazil
• Website www.mre.gov.br
• Maria Luisa and Oscar Americano Foundation
• Website www.fimdacaoscaramericano.org.br