Miscellaneous Topics from WWI

1
Miscellaneous Topics from WWI
Before
After
2
Miscellaneous Topics from WWI

• Michael Gabriel Captain, Espionage
• Teagan Miller Corporal, Women in the War
• Adrian Tostado Sergeant, Rationing
• Jake Howell Lieutenant, African Americans
• Dan Gaide Private, Genocide

3
Black Tom Incident

• Believed German set off ammunition rounds
• Ammunition was for the allies
• Factories with contract were attacked
• Over 2 million pound of ammunitions
• Island was named for the fishermen that lived
  there
• One of the guards set off the fire alarm

4
Mata Hari

• Born on 1876
• Was an exotic dancer in Paris
• Double agent with France and Germany
• Court marshaled by the French government
• Killed by a French firing squad

5
Positive Espionage

• Involves the accusation of intelligence
• Collection, translation, maps, photographs,
  codes, and ciphers
• Positive effects- Germans defeated two Russian
  Generals
• Not really apparent in World War 1

6
Negative intelligence

• The manipulation of information of broadcast
• Propaganda, counter espionage, codes and
  ciphers, and forgery
• Swayed Americans opinion about war
• British defeated Germans in Battle of Jutland

7
Allied psychology of WW1

• World War One modern psychology
• Used radio and printing press
• Used airplanes and special artillery rounds
• The allies used hand grenades and leaflet mortars
  
• The used special leaflet balloons to get special
  info to allies

8
African American Soldiers

• Segregated Units
• 171 African American troops were awarded the
  French Legion of Honor
• Received Officers training in Des Moines, Iowa
• Discrimination

9
369th Infantry Narration

• In these woods, at the head of this
• company, Captain Boutte, and the other line
• officers fought tenaciously, heroically- so
  heroically that the Major commanding stated to me
  that the world had never produced gamer fighters
  than the colored men who made up his battalion of
  the 369th Infantry
• -Emmett J. Scott
• Scotts official narration of the American Negro
  in WWI .

10
African American Soldiers

• Grandfather Clause kept African Americans from
  voting
• Segregated Housing
• Scottsboro, Alabama nine African American boys,
  accused of raping two white females
• Harlem Renaissance

11
African-American Soldiers

• African American Bands
• The most famous African American band was in the
  369th Infantry
• The band leaders name was named James Reese
  Europe
• A vaudeville star named Noble Sissle was in
  Europes band

12
African American Soldiers

• The 369th Infantry, also known as the Harlem
  Hellfighters
• They were attacked because of racial
  discrimination during a parade in Spartanburg,
  South Carolina
• Sgt. Henry Johnson was the first to receive the
  Croix de Guerre, followed by the entire regiment
• Awarded Croix de Guerre by French

13
African American Soldiers

• Spanish Flu- an epidemic that killed millions of
  people during 1918-1919
• Herbert Wright- upset musician, went insane and
  stabbed James Reese Europe
• 370th Infantry- an All black regiment from
  Illinois that received medals
• Rhine River and the Harlem Hellfighters- were the
  first Allied Regiment to reach the Rhine River

14
Genocide

• Genocide- killing members of a group, by
  forcibly transferring children, or causing
  serious physical or mental harm
• First Turkish invasions- two million Armenians
  were killed
• Armenia absorbed into the Ottoman Empire
• Turks seized control of the government
• Anti Armenian raids

15
Genocide

• The difference between Turks and Armenians
• Armenians were very educated professional and
  wealthy
• Turks were less wealthy often illiterate and
  worked on farms
• WWI breaks out Turks sided with the Central
  Powers
• Turks seize all Armenian weapons.
• Armenian soldiers turned into slaves
• Elimination of Armenians

16
Genocide

• Arrests of Armenians
• Taken from their towns to the outskirts of their
  town and shot to death
• Armenian women, children,
• and the elderly taken on death marches
• Homes and villages left behind

17
Genocide

• Armenian Children taken in by Turks
• Children spared from death marches
• Raids and stealing from the caravans encouraged
• Death march routes covered hundreds of miles and
  lasted hundreds of days

18
Genocide

• The death march toll 75 percent of the Armenians
  on the marches died
• Countryside scattered with corpses
• Turkey issued warning from Allied powers
• Russia attacks Eastern front

19
Genocide

• "All truth passes through three stages First,
  it is ridiculed Second, it is violently
  opposed andThird, it is accepted as
  self-evident." Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860)

20
Woman

• Navy recruited 13,000 women
• First women to get rank
• Served in hospitals over seas
• Nurses served in Belgium, Italy, and England
• 3 nurses awarded distinguished service medal
• Highest noncombat award

21

• Nurses wounded and buried far from home
• 23 years before woman considered part of
  military
• Women in navy were called yeoman
• Women sang songs during this time
• One called THE CALL
• Woman commonly used in propaganda posters

22

• Woman referred to as yeomettes by the men
• Banner reads While the boys were away we worked
  for victory
• Woman demanded respect from the men

23

• No woman/nurses served in the army
• Oleda Christides was and unsung woman
• Unsung woman not in text
• Woman only wanted by navy

24
THE CALL

• Who's for the trench Are you, my laddie?Who'll
  follow French Will you, my laddie?Who's
  fretting to begin,Who's going out to win?And
  who wants to save his skin Do you, my laddie?
• Who's for the khaki suit Are you, my
  laddie?Who longs to charge and shoot Do you,
  my laddie?Who's keen on getting fit,Who means
  to show his grit,And who'd rather wait a bit
  Would you, my laddie?
• Who'll earn the Empire's thanks Will you, my
  laddie?Who'll swell the victor's ranks Will
  you, my laddie?When that procession
  comes,Banners and rolling drums Who'll stand
  and bite his thumbs Will you, my laddie?

25
Preserving Supplies in World War One

• Supplies were preserved and held onto for as long
  as possible
• To hold onto supplies, the war needed to keep
  going
• Keeping the war going was bad, but it helped
  business owners sell their products
• Rationing was introduced to the U.S. by Britain
• Food rationing was how it started so the British
  could stop food shortages

26
The Home front and Liberty Bonds

• The home front never actually holds battles in
  its country
• The home front is the country opposing the
  country that the actual war is held
• Liberty bonds are investments by the public into
  a war for their country
• It works by the person who invested the money
  getting their money back whenever they want plus
  interest that the government pays
• Although the government ends up paying more
  money, they need these bonds because it gives
  them instant money for war

27
Food in the Trenches

• There was very little food for soldiers in the
  trenches of the war
• Britain's had 300,000 field workers making food
  and sending it to the soldiers fighting against
  the French
• Food in the trenches usually included this daily
• 20 ounces of bread, 16 ounces of flour instead
  of above, 3 ounces of cheese, 5/8 ounces of tea,
  4 ounces of jam, ½ ounce of salt, 1/36 ounce of
  pepper, 1/20 ounce of mustard, 8 ounces of fresh
  vegetables, 1/10 gill lime if vegetables not
  issued, ½ gill of rum, maximum of 20 ounces of
  tobacco, 1/3 chocolate optional, 4 ounces of
  oatmeal instead of bread, 1 pint of porter
  instead of rum, 4 ounces of dried fruit instead
  of jam, 4 ounces of butter/margarine, and 2
  ounces of dried vegetables.

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Weapons and Artillery

• The weapons that were used for the war were
  machine guns, tanks, new planes, poison gas,
  zeppelin, rifles, torpedoes, and artillery guns.
• Bayonets were issued for soldiers rifles
• Machine guns were used on flat surfaces and had
  the power of about 100 regular guns. They were
  used when big fire power.
• Germans used a poisonous gas usually mustard gas
  which suffocated their enemy to death
• The Zeppelin and airplanes were new ways to hurt
  the opponent by aerial attacks
• Tanks were new found ways to destroy the opponent
  because they are so big and they have the power
  of machine guns

29
Poem By Wilfred Owen

• Mental Cases
• Who are these? Why sit they here in
  twilight?Wherefore rock they, purgatorial
  shadows,Drooping tongues from jaws that slob
  their relish,Baring teeth that leer like skulls'
  teeth wicked?Stroke on stroke of pain, - but
  what slow panic, (5)Gouged these chasms round
  their fretted sockets?Ever from their hair and
  through their hands' palmsMisery swelters.
  Surely we have perishedSleeping, and walk hell
  but who these hellish?
• These are men whose minds the Dead have
  ravished. (10)Memory fingers in their hair of
  murders,Multitudinous murders they once
  witnessed.Wading sloughs of flesh these helpless
  wander,Treading blood from lungs that had loved
  laughter.Always they must see these things and
  hear them, (15)Batter of guns and shatter of
  flying muscles,Carnage incomparable, and human
  squanderRucked too thick for these men's
  extrication.
• Therefore still their eyeballs shrink
  tormentedBack into their brains, because on
  their sense (20)Sunlight seems a blood-smear
  night comes blood-blackDawn breaks open like a
  wound that bleeds afresh. Thus their heads wear
  this hilarious, hideous,Awful falseness of
  set-smiling corpses. Thus their hands are
  plucking at each other (25)Picking at the
  rope-knouts of their scourgingSnatching after
  us who smote them, brother,Pawing us who dealt
  them war and madness

30
Bibliography

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