Rural, Onsite

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Rural, Onsite Small Community Wastewater
Waste Management

• Collection Storage Systems

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Cost of Treatment Facilities
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1. Avoid Long Sewer Extensions

• Provide separate treatment facilities for each
  cluster of homes
• Remember sewer pipe is more expensive than
  treatment plants

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2. Septic Tank Effluent Sewers

• Raw sewage - Minimum 8 inch pipe
• Large access port
• Septic tank effluent - about 2 inch pipe
• Small cleanouts

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Septic Tank Effluent Sewers

• 1st used in Austrailia in 1961
• 1st used in US in 75 and 77
• Mt. Andrew, Alabama - 34 connections
• Westboro, WI - 85 connections

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Grade

• Conventional sewers
• Grade to maintain scouring velocity
• Septic tank effluent sewers - no solids
• Even short sections of reverse grade

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Depth

• Conventional sewers
• 10 to 30 feet
• Septic tank effluent sewers
• Just below frost depth

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Access

• Conventional sewers
• Large personnel access ports
• AKA manholes
• Septic tank effluent sewers
• Small cleanouts

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Septic Tank Effluent Sewers

• Require regular septic tank pumping

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3. Avoid Road Placement

• Requires easements
• Limits repaving roads
• Reduced backfill requirements

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4. Align with House Sewer

• Sewage exits the house near old septic system
• May require long connection to new sewer

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5. Shallow placement

• Water using fixtures in basement?
• May require deep trenches for gravity flow
• Place sewer just below frost line?
• Pump sewage up to sewer line

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Approaches to reducing Sewer Costs

• 1. Avoid long sewer extensions
• 2. Use septic tank effluent sewers
• 3. Avoid road placement
• 4. Alignment with house sewers
• 5. Shallow placement

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1A. Animal Environment

• For each animal group
• Age
• Weight range
• Production stage

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Critical Housing Concerns

• Air Quality
• Moisture
• Disease concerns
• Animal cleanliness
• Space
• Comfort
• Temperature
• Other

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For Animal Resting Area

• Individual pen or stall
• Animal cleanliness
• Area is self cleaning
• Cushioned
• Drinking water in resting area
• Feed in resting area
• Other

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Manure Accumulation Approach

• Elevated crates
• Sloped floor
• Slatted floor
• Concrete floor
• Other

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Frequency of Manure Removal

• Several times a day
• Daily
• Every few days
• Weekly
• Monthly
• Every few months
• Annually

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3A. Collection Features
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2A. Collection Features, cont.
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3A.Transfer Systems
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3A. Transfer Systems, cont.