Automated Rural Tank Filling System

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Automated Rural Tank Filling System

• Arun Garlapati
• Vijay Kumar
• Jirong Xu
• TA Xiangyu Ding
• Group 12

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Introduction
In rural and even urban areas of places like
India water is distributed to the housing
complex by a tank that is situated on the roof.
Water is pumped to the tank on the roof from a
source (tank or well), Usually located on the
ground floor, by a motor. Our system will make
this system automatic by controlling the motor
depending on the water level of both the source
and overhead tank.
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Objective Features

•  
•  Objective
•  
• Easy to install and uninstall
• Cost Effective
• Control Multiple Units with one Receiver Box
•  
•  
• Features
•  
• Wireless communication between sensor in tank and
  motor
• No overflow of tank due to neglect of stopping
  motor
• No empty tank(water is always available to the
  household)
• No overheating of motor due to lack of water in
  source
• Optimization of sensor and wireless system power

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Comparison
Water leak detection System GE 45133 13
From VEGA VEGASON Contactless measurement with
Ultrasonics Starting from 500
ONSITE Pro FS3/4C Water Heater
Auto-Shutoff, Compression 98
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System Overview
Liquid Level Detection Unit
Control Unit
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Hardware overview

• Sensor
• PIC Microcontroller       Liquid level detection
• Transmitter
• Receiver
• PIC Microcontroller        Pump Control Unit
• Relay
• Extended relay box

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Hardware
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Liquid Level Detection Unit
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SensorThe XL-MaxSonar -WR1

• Pins Used
• Pin 3 (AN) The sensor outputs a voltage value
  according to the measured distance (connected to
  the PIC)
• Pin 4 (RX) When RX is held high the sensor takes
  readings and output values. When held low the
  sensor will stop ranging. (connected to the PIC)
• Pin 6 Vcc input to the sensor.
• Pin 7 GND

10
cm
mV
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SensorThe LV-MaxSonar -EZ4

• Pins Used
• Pin 3 (AN) The sensor outputs a voltage value
  according to the measured distance (connected to
  the PIC)
• Pin 4 (RX) When RX is held high the sensor takes
  readings and output values. When held low the
  sensor will stop ranging. (connected to the PIC)
• Pin 6 Vcc input to the sensor.
• Pin 7 GND

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cm
mV
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(No Transcript)
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Transmitter/Receiver
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m
V
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Distance vs RSSI
Distance (m) RSSI with Antenna (v) RSSI without Antenna (v) Plot
4.88 2.4 2.15 1
6.72 2.06 1.625 2
9.00 1.938 1.5 3
12.20 1.75 1.188 4
20.00 1.375 0.938 5
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Plot 1- (4.88 meters)
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Plot 2- (6.72 meters)
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Plot 3- (9.00 meters)
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Plot 4
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Plot 5
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PIC controller
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Power Calculations
XL-MaxSonar-WRC1 LV-MaxSonar-EZ4
Normal Usage (water is being used) Normal Usage (water is being used)
Transmitter (off) 15 uA PIC (on) 25 mA Sensor Is on every 20 mins Draws 100 mA for an instant Draws 3.4 mA the rest of the time Transmitter (off) 15 uA PIC (on) 25 mA Sensor Is on every 20 mins Draws 50 mA for an instant Draws 2.1 mA the rest of the time
Total Current Draw 28.4 mA Total Battery Usage 16000 mAh/28.4 563.4 hours Total Current Draw 27.115 mA Total Battery Usage 16000 mAh/27.115 590.1 hours
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Power Calculations (cont)
XL-MaxSonar-WRC1 LV-MaxSonar-EZ4
Rising State (Tank is being filled) Rising State (Tank is being filled)
Transmitter (on) 15 mA PIC (on) 25 mA Sensor Is on every 2 mins Draws 100 mA for an instant Draws 3.4 mA the rest of the time Transmitter (on) 15 mA PIC (on) 25 mA Sensor Is on every 2 mins Draws 50 mA for an instant Draws 2.1 mA the rest of the time
Total Current Draw 43.4 mA Total Battery Usage 16000 mAh/43.4 368.7 hours Total Current Draw 42.1 mA Total Battery Usage 16000 mAh/42.1 380.1 hours
We expect 80 at Normal State and 20 at Rising
State WRC1 avg usage 524.46 hours EZ4 avg usage
548.1 hours
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Interface
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The Pump Control Unit

• PIC microcontroller
• Receiver
• Relay system
• Fuse

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Relay in Control Unit
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Resistor Power

•  

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Triac Testing
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Tolerance

• Triac Driver
• Forward Voltage 1.2V
• Triggering Current 10mA
• Triac
• Holding Current 15mA
• Peak Repetitive Off-State Voltage 400V
• On-State RMS Current 6A
• Peak Non-repetitive Surge Current 60A
• Measured Maximum Frequency for Cut off 16.28Khz
• Maximum Current Sourced By PIC 200mA
• Maximum Current Sunk By PIC I/O Pins 25mA

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Software in Control Unit
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Software Testing
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Interface
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Extension relay for multiple pump
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Extension relay for multiple Pump
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Equations

• Ic 15mA
• Ic Beta Ib
• Beta 100
• Ib 0.015mA
• Vth VinR4/(R3R4) 
• Rth R3//R4
• Vth - IbRth-0.7 0
• only Ib is supplied by the PIC
• Reduce the PIC current output!!!

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Testing

• Voltage at PAD1 is applied by the PIC output,
  Vpic
• When the Vpic gt0.65, the BJT is forward Active,
  an amplified current will trigger the triac.

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Projected Cost
Part name Price Quantity total
TXM-900-HP3-PPS RXM-900-HP3-PPS LINX 24 1 Transmitter 1 Receiver 48
Ultrasonic Sensor MaxSonar WRC1 100 1 100  
PIC16f877A Microcontroller 5 2 10
MOC3020 0.8 1 0.8
T2500D 1.4 1 1.4
7805 0.5 4 2
Fox F1100E 5.5 1 5.5
AA battery 8 pack 1 1 1
Wall plug 3.89 1 3.89
socket 2 2 2
110V AC to DC 5V 5A Convertor 2 1 2
Liquid Water Level Sensor   5 1 5
Project Enclosure 3 3 9
Sub total     189.59
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Future Hardware development

• Cheaper/Simple PIC
• Leads to using only 1 AA battery which further
  reduces cost and size of our system
• Cheaper Wireless system
• Cheaper sensor 
• Make it self-powered
• Solar power
• Wind power
• Tree power (suggested by TA Ding)

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Future software development

• Use interrupts to allow sensor/wireless function
  without having to keep PIC power on
• Implement a start-up calibration routine that
  scans volume of tank to allow functionality for
  universal systems
• Implement a GUI to allow user
• Set threshold values
• Select Channels on Transmitter Chip
• Use RS-232 to stream code words that allow for
  more security

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Special Thanks
  Professor Scott Carney (Instructor) Xiangyu
Ding (TA) Kevin Colvery (Power Lab) Wally Smith
(Parts Shop Personnel) Scott McDonald (Machine
Shop Personnel) 
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QA