Sustainable Tourism: Travel Groups and Intervention Strategies

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• Sustainable TourismTravel Groups and
  Intervention Strategies
• Susanne Böhler, Wuppertal Institute for Climate
  Environment Energy
• Sylvie Grischkat, University of Lüneburg
• Sonja Haustein, Ruhr-University Bochum
• Marcel Hunecke, Ruhr-University Bochum

Financed by
In Cooperation with
Ruhr-University Bochum
Wuppertal Institute
University of Lüneburg
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Facts and Trends of Tourism

• 80 of persons in Germany (gt14 years of age)
  made at least one holiday trip in 2003.
• An increase from 720 million tourists worldwide
  in 2004 to 1600 million in 2020 is predicted.
• Most trips are conducted by car.
• 80 of European air travel is due to tourism.
• Aviation has shown the highest growth rate.
• The majority of the greenhouse gases of domestic
  tourism is emitted during travel to and from the
  holiday destination (60 ).

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Research Questions

• What is travel behaviour like?
• How is the environmental impact?
• Do individual characteristics explain travel
  behaviour?
• What are the strategies and obstacles to reduce
  environmental impact of holiday mobility?

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Research Questions

• What is travel behaviour like?
• How is the environmental impact?
• Do individual characteristics explain travel
  behaviour?
• What are the strategies and obstacles to reduce
  environmental impact of holiday mobility?

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Description of the MOBILANZ Sample (N1991)
Mobility purposes
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Description of the MOBILANZ Sample (N1991)
Mobility purposes
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Modal Split of Holiday and Short Stay Trips
(N1991)
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Description of the Sample by Travel Groups
(N1984)
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Travel Groups Number of holiday trips and
short-stay trips per year
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Travel Groups Transportation Mode Choice
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Travel Groups Description by Main Indicators
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Research Questions

• What is travel behaviour like?
• How is the environmental impact?
• Do individual characteristics explain travel
  behaviour?
• What are the strategies and obstacles to reduce
  environmental impact of holiday mobility?

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Travel Groups Ecological Impact of Holiday Travel
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Travel Groups Ecological Impact of Daily Mobility
CO2-equvivalent in kg per year and person
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Research Questions

• What is travel behaviour like?
• How is the environmental impact?
• Do individual characteristics explain travel
  behaviour?
• What are the strategies and obstacles to reduce
  environmental impact of holiday mobility?

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Stepwise Regression to Predict Greenhouse Gas
Emissions
Note. R2 .17 adjusted R2 .17 p lt .01 p
lt .001
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Summary

• There are significant differences between travel
  groups.
• Travel Groups behaviour differs concerning
  number of holiday trips and transportation mode.
• The smallest group (10.7) is responsible for
  most emissions of greenhouse gases.
• Socio-demographic variables are important factors
  for holiday pattern.
• Values like Openess für Chance have an effect
  on number of trips and distances travelled.
• A contradiction between ecological awareness and
  holiday behaviour is identified within all travel
  groups.

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Research Questions

• What is travel behaviour like?
• How is the environmental impact?
• Do individual characteristics explain travel
  behaviour?
• What are the strategies and obstacles to reduce
  environmental impact of holiday mobility?

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Strategies for Sustainable Tourism Concerning
Travel behaviour

• Change of Holiday Destination Reduction of
  Distances
• Transportation Mode Shift to Long-distance Train
  and Coach
• Compensation Opportunities
• Economic Instruments
• Communication

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Intervention Strategies for Travel Groups
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Perspectives for Sustainable Tourism

• Limited possibilities to change holiday travel
  behaviour and to reduce environmental impact
  under current conditions.
• Coaches and long-distance trains are options for
  a more sustainable holiday travel, but
• interviews proved especially less experience with
  train travelling for holiday and a high extent of
  refusal of train travelling due to choice of
  destination, time money and complicity.
• More knowledge about individual motivation of
  choice of destination and the acceptance and
  effects of intervention strategies are necessary.
• Intervention strategies and the development of
  services should consider different target groups.

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Thank you for your attention! susanne.boehler_at_w
upperinst.org sylvie.grischkat_at_uni-lueneburg.de F
or further information check the Internet for
MOBILANZ http//eco.psy.ruhr-bochum.de/mobilanz