Quantum Physics

1
Quantum Physics
2
Blackbody Radiation

• Stephan-Boltzman Law

T4
T3
Radiance
T2
T1
wavelength
3
Wiens Law Blackbody Radiance
4
Photons

• Light consists of packets or quanta of energy.
• Heisenbergs Uncertainty Principle

5
Photoelectric Effect

• Electrons are emitted when light is incident on
  certain metals.

IR
l1.010-5m
UV
e-
e-
l1.010-7m
6
Atomic Spectra

• Emission
• Specific wavelengths added by hot gas.
• Absorption
• Specific wavelengths removed by cold gas.

7
Bohr Model of Hydrogen

• Electrons move in circular orbits
• Only certain orbits are stable
• Radiation emitted or absorbed as electron moves
  from one orbit to another
• Allowed orbits determined by quantized angular
  momentum

8
Bohr Model of Hydrogen

• Electron of the hydrogen atom can only be in
  specific energy states.

e-
9
Matter Waves
g
g
g
How can an electron go through two holes at once?
10
Fundamental Paradox

• Wave/Particle Duality
• Electron can be in multiple states at one time.
• Godels Incompleteness Theorem
• Can not have an all encompassing theory of
  everything.
• Finiteness of man

11
End of Science?

• Positivism
• Progress towards an ultimate understanding of the
  nature of reality.
• Limitation
• All universal models will be incomplete and
  possibly paradoxical.
• Does not eliminate the usefulness of the model.

12
Wave Mechanics

• DeBroglie Wavelength
• Schrodingers Equation
• Solution

13
Quantum Numbers

• Principle QN
• n1,2,3,
• Orbital QN
• l0,1,2,n-1
• Magnetic QN
• ml-l,0l
• Spin
• ms-1/2,1/2

14
Valence Electrons

• What states are filled by the electons of Ne?

n 4
0
0
1
1
-1
-1
0
-2
2
n 3
0
0
ml
1
1
-1
-1
0
-2
2
n 2
0
0
ml
1
-1
n 1
ml
0
l 0
l 1
l 2
15
Lasers

• Light Amplification through Stimulated Emission
  of Radiation.

E2
e-
e-
e-
e-
e-
e-
E1
E0