The Individual and Society

1
The Individual and Society

• Essential knowledge for all your GCSE sociology.

2
Rules of society

• There are three basic types of rule in all
  societies

• Norms the normal way of acting
• Values the ideas we consider important about
  how to act
• Mores what we consider to be right and wrong.

3
Breaking the rules

• Rules can be written down or just known about.
• People who break unwritten rules are known as
  deviants.
• People who break written rules are criminals.

4
Sanctions

• People who do well in society are offered
  positive sanctions and rewards such as high pay
  and respect.
• People who break rules are punished by being
  treated badly by others or by the law. These are
  negative sanctions.

5
Socialisation

• We are taught the rules as we live our lives.
• This process is known as socialisation.

Socialisation is the process of learning how to
behave in a way that is appropriate to our
culture.
6
Life-long learning

• We are socialised from the moment of birth until
  the point of death.
• Others will tell us the rules and how to act.
• One of the most important things we are taught is
  gender.
• We are taught how to act according to our
  physical sex.

7
Types of socialisation

• Primary socialisation takes place in the home. It
  is in the family and among people who love you.
  You are taught norms and values.
• Secondary socialisation takes place in the
  outside world. You learn to behave with those who
  are not your family.

8
Processes of socialisation

• We take on the roles that others expect of us.
• We imitate people we admire.
• We identify with people we admire.
• Others have expectations of us
• People will channel our behaviour along certain
  routes.

9
Agencies of Socialisation

• We are socialised by whole groups of people and
  institutions in society.
• These are agencies of socialisation

Family, Peer Group, Mass Media, Education,
Religion, the Law, the Work place and others.
10
The end

• A helpful tip from Mrs Griffiths.
• Use the words in red in all of your sociology
  essays and writing.