Harriet Kung

1
OFFICE OF SCIENCE
Basic Energy Sciences
Board on Physics and Astronomy Spring
Meeting Keck Center of the National
Academies April 24, 2009

• Harriet Kung
• Director, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
• Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy

2
Whats New

• Staffing
• The BESAC New Era Subcommittee ReportNew
  Science for a Secure and Sustainable Energy
  Future
• Budget
• H.R. 1, The American Recovery and Reinvestment
  Act (ARRA) of 2009
• FY 2009 Budget Appropriation
• EFRC and SISGR Updates
• LCLS First Light

3
BES Operations Rich Burrow, DOE Technical
Office Coordination Don Freeburn, DOE and
Stakeholder Interactions Ken Rivera, Laboratory
Infrastructure / ESH Katie Perine, Program
Analyst / BESACVacant, Technology Office
Coordination
Materials Sciences and Engineering Division
Scientific User Facilities Division
Pedro Montano, Director Linda Cerrone, Program
Support Specialist Rocio Meneses, Program
Assistant
Operations
Construction
Catalysis Science Raul Miranda Paul Maupin
Solar Photochemistry Mark Spitler
Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Sciences Jeff
Krause
X-ray and Neutron Scattering Facilities Roger
KlaffkyVacant
Linac Coherent Light Source Tom Brown
Photosynthetic Systems Gail McLean
Heavy Element Chemistry Lester Morss Norm
Edelstein, LBNL
NSLS II Tom Brown
Nanoscience Centers E-beam Centers Tof
CarimVacant
Gas-PhaseChemical Physics Wade Sisk Larry Rahn,
SNL
Physical Biosciences Bob Stack
Separations and Analysis Bill Millman Larry Rahn,
SNL
Spallation Neutron Source Upgrades Tom Brown
Accelerator and Detector RD Vacant
Condensed-Phase and Interfacial Mol. Science Greg
Fiechtner
Facility Coordination, Metrics, Assessment Van
Nguyen
Geosciences Nick Woodward Pat Dobson, LBNL
Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Mark
Pederson
TEAM Vacant
Instrument MIEs (SING, LUSI, etc.) Vacant
Technology Office Coordination Marvin
SingerVacant
Advanced Light Source User Support Building Tom
Brown
4
Linda Announcement
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Energy and Science Grand Challenges

• BESAC and BES Reports
• Secure Energy Future, 2002
• Hydrogen Economy, 2003
• Solar Energy Utilization, 2005
• Superconductivity, 2006
• Solid-state Lighting, 2006
• Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems, 2006
• Clean and Efficient Combustion of Fuels, 2006
• Electrical Energy Storage, 2007
• Geosciences Facilitating 21st Century Energy
  Systems, 2007
• Materials Under Extreme Environments, 2007
• Directing Matter and Energy Five Grand
  Challenges for Science and the Imagination, 2007
• New Science for a Secure and Sustainable Energy
  Future, 2008

http//www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/list.html
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New Science for a Secure and Sustainable Energy
Future
http//www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/list.html

• Three Strategic Goals
• Making fuels from sunlight
• Generating electricity without carbon dioxide
  emissions
• Revolutionizing energy efficiency and use

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Energy Sustainability and Materials
Sustainable Energy Materials Diverse
Functions PV, Superconductors, Photocatalysts Bat
tery Electrodes Electrolytic Membranes Active
Function Converting Energy Value
Functionality 30 year Lifetime
Traditional Energy Materials Fuels coal, oil,
gas CH0.8, CH2, CH4 Passive Function
Combustion Value Commodities High Energy
Content
Greater Sustainability Greater
Complexity, higher functional materials
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Solar Energy Utilization PV Production
Learning Curve
1976
80 Learning CurveModule price decreases
by20 for every doubling ofcumulative production
Silicon Wafer Technologies
2010
2015
2005
80
Note By 2020, current trajectory will supply 16
GW (peak) (3.5 GW avg) in U.S. whereas at least
425 GW will be needed just for electricity, and
2000 GW for fuel.
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Solar Energy Utilization Breakthroughs Needed
PV grid parity (0.10/kWh) is projected by
2015. But this is not good enough for massive use
of solar power. That would require solar at
0.02/kWh (cost of coal). And that bold goal
requires basic research and resultant
disruptive technology.
New Science is required to move us off the
present curve
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Enabling Technologies Storing Energy

• Store intermittent solar and wind electricity
• Electrify transportation with plug-in hybrids
  and electric cars

x2-5 increase in battery energy density x10-20
increase through chemical storage fuel cells
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New Science Mastering Complexity

• A New Era of Science
• Build materials with atom-by-atom chemical
  precision
• Predict behavior of new materials
• Design novel materials and chemistries for
  specific tasks

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BESAC Subcommittee on Facing our Energy
Challenges in a New Era of Science

• Recommendations
• Control science with complex functional
  materials.
• Increase the rate of discoveries and establish US
  leadership in next-generation carbon-free energy
  technologies.
• Dream teams of highly educated talent, equipped
  with forefront tools, and focused on the most
  pressing challenges
• Aggressively recruit the best talent through a
  series of workforce development.

http//www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/files/NSSSEF_rpt
.pdf
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U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Science FY 2009 Budget Request
Office of Science
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Basic Energy Sciences The American Recovery and
Reinvestment Act of 2009

• BES will invest 524.3 million of the ARRA
  funding for the following six activities
• 150.0M to accelerate the civilian construction
  of the National Synchrotron Light Source II
  (NSLS-II) at Brookhaven National Laboratory
• 14.7M to complete the construction of the User
  Support Building (USB) at the Advanced Light
  Source (ALS) at Lawrence Berkeley National
  Laboratory
• 33.6M to complete the Linac Coherent Light
  Source (LCLS) Ultrafast Science Instruments
  (LUSI) MIE project at SLAC National Accelerator
  Laboratory
• 25.0M for capital equipment replenishment and
  augmentation at the five BES Nanoscale Science
  Research Centers (NSRCs)
• 24.0M for four synchrotron radiation light
  sources capital equipments, AIP, other upgrades
• 277.0M for Energy Frontier Research Centers
  (EFRCs).

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Basic Energy Sciences FY 2009 Appropriations
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History of Request vs. Appropriation (FY08
Constant Dollars)
Prior to FY 2008 Supplemental FY 2009
Recovery Act Funding
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FY 2009 BES Budget Omnibus Appropriations Act
2009

• Core research programs
• 100M for Energy Frontier Research Centers
• 55M for single investigator and small group
  awards for grand science and energy research
  (including one-time funding for mid-scale
  instrumentation and ultrafast science)
• Facility-related research (detectors, optics,
  etc.) 10M
• 17M for EPSCoR (vs. request of 8.24M)
• Scientific user facilities operations
• Full funding for
• Synchrotron light sources
• Neutron scattering facilities
• Electron microcharacterization facilities
• Nanoscale Science Research Centers
• Construction and instrumentation
• Full funding for
• National Synchrotron Light Source-II
• Linac Coherent Light Source Linac operations
  instruments
• Advanced Light Source User Support Building
• Spallation Neutron Source instruments

Appropriation 1,572M
34
5
35.3
MIE GPP SBIR
MSE Research
MSE Research
Facilities Ops
273.3
CSGB Research
719
CSGB Research
Facilities Ops
239.5
EFRC
SUF Research
20.4
Construction
145.5
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Energy Frontier Research Center Tackling our
energy challenges in a new era of science
Engaging the Talents of the Nations Researchers
for the Broad Energy Sciences BES announced the
initiation of EFRCs to accelerate the scientific
breakthroughs needed to create advanced energy
technologies for the 21st century. The EFRCs
will pursue the fundamental understanding
necessary to meet the global need for abundant,
clean, and economical energy.

• EFRC will pursue collaborative fundamental
  research that addresses both energy challenges
  and science grand challenges in areas such as
• ? Solar Energy Utilization ? Geosciences for
  Nuclear Waste and CO2 Storage
• ? Catalysis for Energy ? Advanced Nuclear Energy
  Systems
• ? Electrical Energy Storage ? Combustion of 21st
  Century Transportation Fuels
• ? Solid State Lighting ? Hydrogen Production,
  Storage, and Use
• ? Superconductivity ? Materials Under Extreme
  Environments
• Other ? Conversion of Biological Feedstock to
  Portable Fuels

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Timeline of the EFRC Solicitation
July 09
Apr 09
Jan 08
April 08
Oct 08
Jan 09
July 08
Continuing Resolution through 3/6/09
FY2008
FY 2009
2/2008 BES rolled-out EFRC in FY2009 Budget
Request BESAC
4/2008 EFRC FOA issued Amended 4/2008 6/2008 9/20
08
7/2008 BES Received 251 Letters of Intent
10/2008 BES 261 Full Proposals Received
BES Conducted Merit Reviews
Awards Announcement
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Single-Investigator Small-Group Research
Single-Investigator and Small-Group Research
(SISGR) will significantly enhance the core
research programs in BES and pursue the
fundamental understanding necessary to meet the
global need for abundant, clean, and economical
energy. Awards are planned for three years, with
funding in the range of 150-300 K/yr for
single-investigator awards and 500-1500 K/yr for
small-group awards Areas of interest include
Grand challenge science ultrafast science
chemical imaging, complex emergent behavior
Use inspired discovery science basic research
for electrical energy storage advanced nuclear
energy systems solar energy utilization
hydrogen production, storage, and use geological
CO2 sequestration other basic research areas
identified in BESAC and BES workshop reports with
an emphasis on nanoscale phenomena Tools for
grand challenge science midscale
instrumentation accelerator and detector
research (exclude capital equipment supports)
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SISGR Solicitation Status 879 Whitepapers 88
from Universities 11 DOE Labs 1 Other
Institutions

• Electrical Energy Storage
• Hydrogen Research

• Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems
• Solar Energy Utilization
• Geological Sequestration
• of Carbon Dioxide

• Solid-state Lighting
• Clean and Efficient Combustion
• Superconductivity

• Catalysis for Energy
• Materials under Extreme Environments

• Ultrafast Science
• Chemical Imaging
• Mid-scale Instrumentation
• Complex Systems and Emergent Behavior

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Timeline of the SISGR
July 09
Jan 09
Apr 09
Jan 08
April 08
Oct 08
July 08
Continuing Resolution through 3/6/09
FY2008
FY 2009
2/2008 BES discussed SISGR Plan at BESAC
4/2008 BES issued SISGR web notice
by 10/2008 BES Received 880 whitepapers
3/2009 BES to notify PIs of whitepaper
decisions (tentative)
4/2009 Full proposals due to BES (tentative)
6/2009 BES to issue SISGR awards (tentative)
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SLAC Linac Coherent Light SourceFirst Light
24
1994 National Academies Report
http//books.nap.edu/books/NI000099/html/index.htm
l
1996 Design Study Group (M. Cornacchia)
1997 BESAC (Birgeneau) Report
http//www.sc.doe.gov/production/bes/BESAC/reports
.html
1999 BESAC (Leone) Report http//www.sc.doe.gov
/production/bes/BESAC/reports.html
1.5M/year, 4 years
2001 DOE Critical Decision 0
2002 LCLS Conceptual Design DOE
Critical Decision 1 36M for Project
Engineering Design
2003 DOE Critical Decision 2A 30M in
2005 for Long Lead Procurements
2005 Critical Decision 2B Define Project
Baseline
Critical Decision 3A Long-Lead
Acquisitions
2006 Critical Decision 3B Groundbreaking
2009 First Light
2010 Project Completion
25
Linac Coherent Light Source at SLAC
26
First Experiments Six Instruments
Concepts
27
Construction gt90 complete
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Office of Basic Energy Sciences
Program Web Links BES page http//www.sc.doe.g
ov/bes/bes.html BES Staff Contact
http//www.sc.doe.gov/bes/besstaff.html Proposal
Submission http//www.sc.doe.gov/bes/grants.html
BES Workshop Reports http//www.sc.doe.gov/bes
/reports/list.html EFRC http//www.sc.doe.gov/b
es/EFRC.html SISGR http//www.sc.doe.gov/bes/SI
SGR.html
Thank You!
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Basic and Applied RD CoordinationHow Nature
Works to Design and Control to
Technologies for the 21st Century
Technology Maturation Deployment
Applied Research
Grand Challenges Discovery
and Use-Inspired Basic Research How nature
works Materials properties and chemical
functionalities by design

• Basic research for fundamental new understanding
  on materials or systems that may revolutionize or
  transform todays energy technologies
• Development of new tools, techniques, and
  facilities, including those for the scattering
  sciences and for advanced modeling and computation

• Basic research, often with the goal of addressing
  showstoppers on real-world applications in the
  energy technologies

• Research with the goal of meeting technical
  milestones, with emphasis on the development,
  performance, cost reduction, and durability of
  materials and components or on efficient
  processes
• Proof of technology concepts

• Scale-up research
• At-scale demonstration
• Cost reduction
• Prototyping
• Manufacturing RD
• Deployment support

• Controlling materials processes at the level of
  quantum behavior of electrons
• Atom- and energy-efficient syntheses of new forms
  of matter with tailored properties
• Emergent properties from complex correlations of
  atomic and electronic constituents
• Man-made nanoscale objects with capabilities
  rivaling those of living things
• Controlling matter very far away from equilibrium

BESAC BES Basic Research Needs Workshops
BESAC Grand Challenges Panel
DOE Technology Office/Industry Roadmaps