Cognitive Psychology, 2nd Ed.

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Cognitive Psychology, 2nd Ed.

• Chapter 2

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Mind and Brain

• Materialism regards the mind as the product of
  the brain and its physiological processes,
  perhaps as an emergent property of these
  processes.
• Dualism holds that the mind is an immaterial
  entity that exists independently of the brain,
  perhaps with interactions between the two.

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Functional Neuroanatomy

• CNS includes 1 trillion neurons (1012) with about
  1,000 trillion synaptic connections (1015).
• A single neuron in the brain may receive as many
  as 10,000 synaptic connections with other
  neurons.
• Massive parallel processing.

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Brain Structures and Functions

• Frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes
  of cerebral cortexperception, behavior, and
  cognition.
• Brainstem (hindbrain and midbrain) and forebrain
  or diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)homeos
  tasis and basic life support mechanisms.
• Limbic system (cingulate gyrus, fornix,
  hippocampus and related structures)emotional
  responses and cognitive functions of learning and
  memory.

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Brain Structures and Functions

• Frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes
  of cerebral cortexperception, behavior, and
  cognition.
• Brainstem (hindbrain and midbrain) and forebrain
  or diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)homeos
  tasis and basic life support mechanisms.
• Limbic system (cingulate gyrus, fornix,
  hippocampus and related structures)emotional
  responses and cognitive functions of learning and
  memory.

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Brain Structures and Functions

• Frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes
  of cerebral cortexperception, behavior, and
  cognition.
• Brainstem (hindbrain and midbrain) and forebrain
  or diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)homeos
  tasis and basic life support mechanisms.
• Limbic system (cingulate gyrus, fornix,
  hippocampus and related structures)emotional
  responses and cognitive functions of learning and
  memory.

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Visual Consciousness

• A critical periods for cortical development in
  cats show that primary visual cortex is necessary
  for visual consciousness.
• Blindsight in humans Damage to primary visual
  cortex eliminates visual consciousness but a
  second pathway allows accurate discrimination.

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Methods of Cognitive Neuroscience

• Lesions and double dissociations
• ElectrophysiologyEEG and ERP
• Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
• Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

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Connectionist Models

• Composed of input, output, and hidden layers of
  simplistic neurons .
• Sigmoid activation function mimics all or none
  response of real neurons for extreme input
  values.
• Connection weights represent the knowledge state
  of the network.
• Back-propagation of error adjusts weights.

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