Elements of a Stable State

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Elements of a Stable State

• Lesson 4
• Feb 2, 2005

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What makes a stable state?

• Security

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What makes a stable state?

• Security
• Good Governance

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What makes a stable state?

• Security
• Good Governance
• Rule of Law

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What makes a stable state?

• Security
• Good Governance
• Rule of Law
• Economic and Social Well-being

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Questions that drive intervention

• What are the problems posed?

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Questions that drive intervention

• What are the problems posed?
• Is outside help necessary?

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Questions that drive intervention

• What are the problems posed?
• Is outside help necessary?
• How can disputes be resolved peaceably?

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Questions that drive intervention

• What are the problems posed?
• Is outside help necessary?
• How can disputes be resolved peaceably?
• Which strategies work best?

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Questions that drive intervention

• What are the problems posed?
• Is outside help necessary?
• How can disputes be resolved peaceably?
• Which strategies work best?
• How can these strategies be implement?

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Face Many Challenges

• Disarmament
• Demobilization
• Reintegration
• Resettlement
• Reforms

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Stabilization and Reconstruction

• Relief
• Rehabilitation Restore
• Reconstruction Development

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Transforming
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Transforming

• Dictator
• Autocratic
• Totalitarian State

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Transforming
Anocratic

• Dictator
• Autocratic
• Totalitarian State

Limited Democracy

• Grievances
• Greed

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Transforming
Anocratic

• Dictator
• Autocratic
• Totalitarian State

Limited Democracy

• Market Economy
• Rule of Law
• Legitimate Government
• Civil Liberties

• Grievances
• Greed

Limited Capacity and Institutions
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Transforming
Anocratic

• Dictator
• Autocratic
• Totalitarian State

Limited Democracy

• Market Economy
• Rule of Law
• Legitimate Government
• Civil Liberties
• Liberal Democracy

• Grievances
• Greed

Limited Capacity
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What is Nation Building?

• Creation of an integrating ideology
• Creation of an integrated society
• Creation of a functioning state apparatus

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Nation Building ?

• How to promote governance

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Nation Building ?

• How to promote governance
• Improve their democratic legitimacy

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Nation Building ?

• How to promote governance
• Improve their democratic legitimacy
• Strengthen self-sustaining institutions

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Marshall Plan-TypeSolutions

• Incompatible with multidimensional nature
• of current reconstruction
• Tend to overemphasize the economic factor in a
  wide range of
• structural problems
• Tend to forget time and past history

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Types of Nation Building

• Post-conflict reconstruction
• Modicum of stability after collapse
• Strengthening weak states before collapse

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State Services
Strength

• Minimal Functions
• Providing pure public goods
• Defense, law, and order
• Property rights
• Macroeconomic management
• Public health
• Improving equity
• Protecting the poor

Scope
World Bank 2003
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State Services
Strength

• Intermediate Functions
• Addressing externalities
• Education,
• Environment
• Financial regulations
• Regulating monopoly

Scope
World Bank 2003
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State Services
Strength

• Activist Functions
• Industrial policy
• Wealth redistribution

Scope
World Bank 2003
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State Services
Strength

• Minimal Functions
• Providing pure public goods
• Defense, law, and order
• Property rights
• Macroeconomic management
• Public health
• Improving equity
• Protecting the poor
• Intermediate Functions
• Addressing externalities
• Education,
• Environment
• Financial regulations
• Regulating monopoly
• Activist Functions
• Industrial policy
• Wealth redistribution

Scope
World Bank 2003
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Missing Dimensions of Stateness
Strength
Scope
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States and Services
Strength
Strong institutions and an extensive state
Limited state functions with strong
institutional effectiveness
Ineffective state takes on an ambitious range
of activities that it cannot perform
Weak institutions and a limited state
Scope
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States and Services
France
I
II
Japan
United States
Germany
Russia
England
Strength of state
Turkey
III
IV
Brazil
Sierra Leone
Scope of state functions
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Development is political

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• Markets and their operation (e.g. debates about
  privatization)
• Economic production (industry, mining and
  agriculture)
• Education (how much, for whom, and at what cost)
• Infrastructure (especially roads and big dams)
• Provision of "basic needs"
• Protection and/or promotion of human rights
• Security and defense

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Multiple Actors

• The International Monetary Fund
• The World Bank
• National governments
• Political parties or social movements
• Non-governmental organizations
• Communities
• Social groups and classes (e.g. women, the poor,
  labor)
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Struggles Occurs

• Trade liberalization
• Privatization of state-owned industries and
  utilities
• The destruction of rainforests and other
  ecosystems
• Infrastructure projects
• Currency devaluation 

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Security Sector

• Political security and governance
• Community security and societal stability
• Personal security and human rights
• Economic security

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Good Governance

• Based on the Rule of Law
• Separation of powers
• Officials elected by the people
• Civilian control of the government

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Rule of Law

• Legal Justice
• Rectificatory Justice
• Distributive Justice

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State-building Lessons

• Holistic approach
• Single leader with authority
• Solve root cause
• Security rule of law
• Disarm, demobilize, reintegrate
• Structure of the state
• Political and economic reforms

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Agenda for success

• Focus on root causes
• Attend to context specificity
• Must be sustainable
• Mobilization of resources
• Holistic approach

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Initial tasks

• Revive restore social service
• Assist displaced people
• Resettlement
• Property right
• Gainful employment

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Two conflicting approaches

• Conflict Managers
• Democratizers

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