Sun Safety

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Sun Safety Skin Cancer Prevention
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Vocabulary

• Basal Cell Carcinoma type of cancer that forms
  in the basal cells (small cells found in the base
  of the outer skin layer)
• Melanocyte cells in the skin and eyes that make
  and contain pigment called melanin
• Melanoma form of cancer that forms in
  melanocytes
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma cancer that forms in
  squamous cells (cells that make up the surface of
  the skin)

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Vocabulary

• Tumor an abnormal mass of tissue that results
  from excessive cell division. Have no useful
  purpose.
• Benign Not cancerous does not invade nearby
  tissue or spread to other parts of the body
• Malignant Cancerous a growth with a tendency
  to invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to
  other parts of the body

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Vocabulary

• Stage the extent to which cancer has spread
  through the body.
• Metastasis the spread of cancer from one part
  of the body to another
• Ulceration a break on the skin or the surface
  of an organ, forms when the cells die or are cast
  off. Can be caused by cancer.

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Vocabulary

• Risk Factor anything that increases a persons
  chance of developing a disease (substance, agent,
  genetic alteration, trait, habit, or condition)
• Ultraviolet Radiation (UV ) invisible rays that
  are a part of the energy that comes from the sun,
  tanning lamps, and tanning beds.
• UVA radiation linked with skin damage that can
  lead to skin cancer and premature aging.

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Vocabulary

• Lymphatic System tissues and organs that
  produce, store, and carry white blood cells that
  fight infections and other diseases.
• Lymph Node mass of lymphatic tissue responsible
  for filtering lymph and storing white blood cells
  (lymphocytes).

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Vocabulary

• UVB radiation radiation that causes sunburn,
  also believed to skin cancer.
• Sunscreen a substance that helps protect the
  skin from the suns harmful rays by reflecting,
  absorbing, and scattering UV rays.
• Broad Spectrum sunscreens that protect against
  UVA and UVB rays. (Most only protect against UVB)

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Types of Skin Cancer

• Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
• Melanoma causes the most deaths from skin
  cancer, is associated with indirect DNA damage.

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Identifying Skin Cancer

• Keep an eye out for
• lesions in the skin that do not heal,
• ulcers in the skin
• discoloration, and changes in existing moles
• Painful itching of skin (especially in sun
  exposed areas)

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Some Examples

• Basal cell
• carcinoma
• Squamous Cell
• Carcinoma
• Melanoma

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• Understand the Risks
• Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinomas are
  usually not fatal. They usually do not
  metastasize and can be removed fairly easily.
  The sooner the diagnosis, the better though.
• Melanoma is the most deadly type of skin cancer.
  If it isnt caught soon enough it will often
  spread throughout the body and can lead to death.
  Melanoma is broken down into 4 stages.

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Stages of Melanoma
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• The stages of Melanoma are based on how large the
  tumor is and how far throughout the body the
  cancerous cells have spread.
• Stage 0 only in the outer layer of skin cells
• Stage 1 less than 1 mm thick melanoma cells
  have not spread to nearby lymph nodes
• Stage 2 between 1 and 2 mm think not spread

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Stages of Melanoma

• Stage 3 melanoma cells have spread to nearby
  tissues or lymph nodes
• Stage 4 melanoma cells have spread to other
  organs, lymph nodes, or skin not near the
  original tumor.

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Pop Quiz!

• Which is the most dangerous type of skin cancer?
• a. Basal cell carcinoma
• b. Squamous cell carcinoma
• c. Malignant melanoma

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Risk Factors

• Overexposure to UV radiation
• UVB shorter wavelengths affecting the outermost
  layers of skin, known to cause sunburns.
  Exposure to UVB light is said to cause Basal Cell
  Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
• UVA longer wavelengths that penetrate into the
  skin and cause tanning as well as the DNA damage
  linked with Malignant Melanoma.

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• UVB rays
• Look like
• Cause
• UVA rays
• Look like
• Cause

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Risk Factors Contd

• Chronic, non-healing wounds (especially burns)
  can develop into SCC.
• Genetic predisposition
• History of severe burns as a child
• Older age
• Being fair-skinned, prone to burning
• Being born with moles (check them for changes)

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Protect Yourself in the Sun!

• Sun exposure between 10am and 4pm is the most
  intense and most harmful. Find shade or carry an
  umbrella during these hours.
• Wear hats and sunglasses to protect your face.
• Use foundation or powder with SPF in it.
• Wear sunscreen, but dont depend on it.
  Sunscreen that is absorbed into the skin does not
  protect against the indirect DNA damage linked
  with Malignant Melanoma.

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• Understand SPF
• SPF tells you how long it will take to burn with
  sunblock compared to how long it would take
  without. Ex I burn in 4 minutes. If I wear SPF
  10, I shouldnt burn until after 40 minutes.
• Use Broad Spectrum sunblock to protect against
  both UVB UVA.
• For best protection apply sunscreen 15 30
  minutes before sun exposure and REAPPLY after 15
  30 minutes of sun exposure.

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Dont be fooled by Tanning Bed Claims

• Claim Tanning beds control light exposure
  allowing users to develop a protective and safe
  base tan.
• Truth Light in tanning beds gives off 3 times
  as much UVA light. Common side effects of UVA
  exposure
• Malignant Melanoma
• loss of elasticity in skin (helps skin appear
  firm)
• premature aging
• wrinkles
• damage to the immune system

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• Claim they are safer because they limit UVB
  exposure that is linked with burning, BCC, and
  SCC.
• Truth even the limited UVB exposure can still
  result in burning, meanwhile the UVA exposure
  continues to do more damage below the surface.
• Truth Scientists say that even tanning in
  moderation produces the same harmful effects, as
  would a burn

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Harsh Reality

• People continue to sunbathe and visit tanning
  beds despite all the information.
• Melanoma in the United States 2007 Estimates
• New Cases - 59,940
• Deaths - 8,110

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Still want a tan? Learn how to fake it!

• Sunless tanners come in lotions sprays and creams
  that are applied and soak into the skin.
• Most contain the chemical dihydroxyacetone (DHA)
  which causes the dead surface cells of the skin
  to darken, simulating a tan. Results usually
  last for several days.
• Sunless tanners can be applied at tanning salons
  or at home.

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• Sunless tanning booths, ask these important
  questions
• Will my eyes and surrounding area be protected?
• Will my nose, mouth, and ears be protected?
• Will I be protected from inhaling the tanning
  spray through my nose or mouth?
• If any answer is no, find a different salon.
• Be sure to watch and pay close attention to the
  video before hand.
• Follow instructions completely for the best
  results.

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• At-home tanning
• Look for products that come in a variety of
  shades and find one that best matches your skin
  tone.
• Look for even application techniques to avoid
  streaks.
• Some spray on enabling you to reach difficult
  places.
• Lotions that gradually darken over multiple
  applications can look more natural.
• Exfoliate before applying instead of after.
• Lotions may be sticky feeling or smell a little
  funny, so apply before bed and let them work
  while you sleep.
• Dry skin soaks up the lotion and can appear
  yellow or orange later. Be sure to exfoliate and
  moisturize areas and avoid overapplying tanning
  lotion.
• Wash your hands IMMEDIATELY after applying lotion.

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Popular Products
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But wait, we still need the sun!!!

• Contrary to all the latest media about avoiding
  the sun at all costs, our bodies actually need
  sunlight. So dont completely give up on your
  tan yet!

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How Our Bodies Use Sunlight

• Vitamin D synthesis our bodies use sunlight to
  manufacture Vit. D, a nutrient found in very few
  foods naturally.
• Vitamin D is very important to bone growth and
  maintenance.
• Vitamin D deficiency can result in these
  diseases
• Rickets (retarded bone growth and calcification
  in kids)
• Osteomalacia (adult form of Rickets where bones
  soften)
• Osteoporosis (reduced bone density causing easily
  broken bones.)

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How Our Bodies Use Sunlight

• Mood Boost its said that just 15 minutes in
  the sun will make anyone feel better!
• SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder) can result from
  too little time outdoors.
• So there is a reason we all want to vacation in
  tropical places! Its good for our health!

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• How much sunshine is enough?
• UV-B rays are most responsible for Vit. D
  synthesis, so tanning beds may not cut it.
• 10-15 minutes on a clear summer day, a few times
  a week should be enough.
• Clouds, sunblock, time of year, and darkness of
  skin will affect how much exposure is necessary.