SUN SAFETY

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SUN SAFETY

• Protecting Yourself from UV Radiation

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Ultraviolet Radiation - UV

• What is Ultraviolet Radiation?

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Ultraviolet Radiation - UV

• The sun is the energy source that sustains all
  life on earth.
• Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) is simply one form of
  energy coming from the sun.

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Ultraviolet Radiation - UV

• Sunlight contains 3 types of UV rays

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Ultraviolet Radiation - UV

• UVA
• Causes skin aging, wrinkles, and can cause
  cancer.
• Used in tanning beds to give skin a darker color.
  
• A light needed for vitamin D synthesis in our
  body.
• UVA rays pass effortlessly through the ozone
  layer.

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Ultraviolet Radiation - UV

• UVB
• Causes sunburns, cataracts, immune system damage,
  skin cancer.
• Melanoma may be associated with severe UVB
  sunburns occurring before the age of 20.
• Most UVB rays are absorbed by the ozone layer.

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Ultraviolet Radiation - UV

• UVC
• Rays are the most dangerous.
• Fortunately, these rays are blocked by the ozone
  layer and dont reach the earth.

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Ultraviolet Radiation - UV

• Clouds and pollution dont filter out UV rays,
  and can give a false sense of protection.
• This can cause unexpected sunburn and skin
  damage. Be careful!

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Ultraviolet Radiation - UV

• Strongest when it is highest in the sky (normally
  from 10 AM to 4 PM).
• Strongest during the summer.
• Greater at high altitudes. Skiers need to take
  extra care.
• UV radiation can reflect off of light surfaces
  such as snow, sand, and concrete.
• Greater at low latitudes.

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Ultraviolet Radiation - UV

• The UV Index predicts the next days UV levels
  on a 0-10 scale.
• UV Index
• Developed by the National Weather Service and
  the EPA.

UV Index Number Exposure Level Minutes to Burn
0 to 2 Minimal 60
3 to 4 Low 45
5 to 6 Moderate 30
7 to 9 High 15
10 Very high 10
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Effects of UV Exposure

• Sunburn

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Permanent Skin Damage!
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Effects of UV Exposure

• Sunburn develops when the amount of UV exposure
  is greater than the protection your skins
  melanin can provide.
• The lighter your skin, the less melanin it has to
  absorb UV and protect itself.
• All skin, no matter the color, thickens and
  hardens with continued sun exposure, resulting in
  wrinkles later in life.

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• Melanin A skin pigment. Dark-skinned people have
  more melanin than light- skinned people. Melanin
  acts as a sunscreen and protects the skin from
  ultraviolet light.

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Melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes.
Melanocytes increase their production of melanin
in response to sun exposure. Freckles are small,
concentrated areas of increased melanin
production.
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Effects of UV Exposure

• Skin Damage

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Effects of UV Exposure

• Compare the underside of your arm to the topside
  of your arm to see the effect of sun exposure on
  your skin.
• Sun damage causes wrinkles, easy bruising,
  brown liver spots, and potentially, skin
  cancer.

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MelanomaWhat is it?

• Long Definition Melanoma is a form of skin
  cancer that occurs in the pigmented-producing
  skin cells (melanocytes). These cells become
  abnormal, grow uncontrollably and aggressively
  invade surrounding tissues
• May affect only the skin or may spread
  (metastasize) through the blood or lymph system
  to other organs and bones.
• Short Definition IT IS THE MOST DEADLY FORM OF
  SKIN CANCER.

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Risk Factors for Melanoma

• Main cause Too much exposure to the sun and UV
  light
• Family history of melanoma
• Presence of atypical moles
• History of blistering sunburns as a teen
• Red or blonde hair
• Freckling
• Having had a melanoma before

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Stages

• Stage 1
• Tumor has not spread. Five year survival 95
• Stage 2
• Tumor has not spread. Five year survival 77-79
• Stage 3
• Tumor has started to metastasize, spread to lymph
  nodes. Five year survival 30-59
• Stage 4
• Tumor as spread beyond regional lymph nodes to
  distant sites and organs. Five year survival
  7-19

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Statistics

• Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in
  the US. More than 1 million skin cancers are
  diagnosed annually.
• Melanoma is the third most common cancer in women
  ages 20-39.
• In 2010, approximately 68,130 melanomas were
  diagnosed , with nearly 8,700 resulting in death.
• 80 of our lifetime sun exposure/sun damage
  occurs before the age of 18.
• Exposure to tanning beds before age 35 increases
  melanoma risk by 75.
• National Cancer Institute at the National
  Institutes of Health
• www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/melanoma

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Statistics

• One person dies every hour from Melanoma.
• The American Academy of Dermatology has predicted
  malignant melanoma may become the number-one
  cause of cancer deaths in America by 2025
• Skin cancer affects one in five Americans.

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ABCDE of Diagnosis

• A Assymetry
• B Border irregularity
• C Color - unusual or changing
• D Diameter gt 6mm
• E Evolution, the Ugly Duckling

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Only takes 5 sunburns to double your risk of
cancer!
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Treatment

• For early-stage melanomas
• Surgery (or simple biopsy) to remove the melanoma
  spot
• Treating melanomas that have spread
• Surgery
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation
• Immunotherapy

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Prevention

• Reduce amount of time spent in the sun
• When in the sun, make sure you are well-protected
• Become familiar with your skin
• Regularly see a dermatologist

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Prevention

• Back to statistics..
• 80 of our lifetime sun exposure/sun damage
  occurs before age 18.
• Prevention efforts need to focus on creating
  healthy sun habits in children and adolescents
• Apply sunscreen as frequently as you brush your
  teeth.

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Prevention

• Avoid tanning salons.
• Avoid tanning salons.
• Avoid tanning salons.
• Avoid tanning salons.

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Tanning - History

• Being pale as possible was desirable, a long time
  ago, because it was a sign of wealth.

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Tanning - History

• Then came Coco Chanel in the 1920s, and a tan
  became a sign of wealth and the ability to afford
  expensive holidays.

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The Tanning Industry

• Nearly 30 million Americans frequent tanning
  salons every year
• 71 of tanning salon patrons are women and girls
  aged 16-29
• Tanning industry makes about
• 5 billion annually

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The Tanning Epidemic

• Celebrities tan
• The Jersey Shore GTLs
• Your friends, colleagues, relatives
• may tan

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• Remember the statistic I gave you before?
  Exposure to tanning beds before age 35 increases
  melanoma risk by 75.
• Think about it

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• 8 Hours in the sun 15 minutes in a tanning bed
• Tanning beds are 30X stronger than the sun.
• Regardless of which, they both create a burn,
  which is

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Tanning

• visible proof that your skin has cellular
  damage.

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Tanning Myths

• Tanning beds are a safe way to tan.
• Sunscreen provides complete protection from the
  sun
• Getting a base tan protects your skin.
• People with darker-toned skin dont have to worry
  about sun damage.
• Theres no need to worry about sun damage on a
  cloudy or cold day.

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Tanning Movement to Create Change
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• Legislation regarding minors
• At least 32 states regulate their use and require
  parental permission under a certain age (14, 16,
  or 18).
• At least 11 states ban their use under the age of
  14
• At least 18 states require the operator to limit
  exposure time provide eye protection
• Source AIM at Melanoma, Centers for Disease
  Control and Prevention and NCSL, 2010.

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Melanoma cases surge among young women !!

• The incidence of the deadly skin cancer increased
  by 50 between 1980 and 2004, a study finds. Use
  of tanning salons is cited as one reason.

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SPF Sun Protection Factor

• Sunscreen doesnt offer 100 protection.
• SPF 15 sunscreen blocks 93 of UV SPF 30
  blocks out 97 and SPF 50 blocks out 98.
• Sunscreen should have a SPF of at least 15 and
  provide protection from both UVA and UVB rays.
• Using SPF 30 instead of SPF 15 does not mean
  you can safely double your time in the sun.

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SPF Guidelines for Protection

• Apply sunscreen 30 minutes before going outside.
  Dont rub it ina light film should stay visible.
• Reapply any sunscreen every two hours, even on
  cloudy days.
• Reapply after sweating or swimming.

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Effects of UV Exposure

• Eye Damage

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Effects of UV Exposure

• Spending long hours in the sun with no eye
  protection may increase your chance of developing
  cataracts.
• Even low amounts of sunlight can increase the
  risk of eye disorders.
• UVB damage to the eyes is cumulative, so it is
  never too late to start protecting your eyes.

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Guidelines for Protection

• Eye Protection

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Guidelines for Protection

• Sunglasses offer excellent protection.
• Make sure the lenses are designed to block out
  100 of UVA and UVB.
• Remember to wear sunglasses even when you're in
  the shade.

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Effects of UV Exposure
Immune System

• Scientists believe sunburns can alter the bodys
  immune system for up to 24 hours after exposure
  to the sun.
• Repeated overexposure to UV radiation can cause
  more damage to the bodys immune system, even in
  people with dark skin.

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Guidelines for Protection

• Tanning Protection

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Avoid Sun Tanning and Tanning Beds

• Tanning Beds can cause cancer!!

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Be sure to wear sunscreen!!
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Guidelines for Protection

• Do not burn!
• Seek shade
• Wear protective clothing
• Use extra caution near water, snow, and sand
• Check UV Index
• Get vitamin D safely through your diet

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Guidelines for Protection

• Wear Protective Clothing

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Tanning beds also cause leathering of the skin.
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Guidelines for Protection

• Choose clothes that cover your arms, legs and
  neck to ensure proper protection.
• Most cotton and cotton/polyester fabrics protect
  against 95 of UV, but are less effective if wet,
  faded, or aged.

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Be safe in the sun!