Examples of operational sustainable development criteria Axel Michaelowa

1
Examples of operational sustainable development
criteriaAxel Michaelowa

• European CDM Linking Directive How to Strategize
  CDM Opportunities in Thailand?
• Bangkok, Dec. 14, 2006

2
Structure of Presentation

• Role of host country DNA regarding sustainable
  development
• Sustainability criteria application in
• India
• Indonesia
• Malaysia
• Conclusions

3
Role of Host Country DNA

• No international rules regarding evaluation of
  sustainable development impact of CDM projects
• Each DNA is free to choose its own criteria
• Only a subset of DNAs makes criteria
  transparently available
• Observers criticize that most DNAs do not really
  check the sustainability impacts of projects
• Indian hydropower plants
• Industrial gas reductions

4
Sustainability Criteria in India

• Social well being
• alleviation of poverty by
• generating additional employment
• removal of social disparities
• contribution to provision of basic amenities to
  people
• Economic well being
• additional investment consistent with the needs
  of the people
• Environmental well being
• impact of project on resource sustainability and
  resource degradation
• bio-diversity friendliness
• impact on human health
• reduction of levels of pollution in general
• Technological well being
• transfer of environmentally safe and sound
  technologies that are comparable to best
  practices
• can be within the country as well from other
  developing countries also

5
Sustainability Criteria in Indonesia

• Environmental
• direct ecological impacts from the project
• Economic
• administrative border of regency
• Social
• administrative border of regency
• Technological
• national
• Project must pass all individual indicators that
  are applicable in order to be approved
• The supporting data for justification can be
  qualitative or quantitative

6
Sustainability Indicators in Indonesia

• Environmental sustainability by practicing
  natural resource conservation or diversification
• Maintain sustainability of local ecological
  functions
• Not exceeding the threshold of existing national,
  as well as local, environmental standards (not
  causing air, water and/or soil pollution)
• Maintaining genetic, species, and ecosystem
  biodiversity and not permitting any genetic
  pollution
• Complying with existing land use planning
• Local community health and safety
• Not imposing any health risk
• Complying with occupational health and safety
  regulation
• There is a documented procedure of adequate
  actions to be taken in order to prevent and
  manage possible accidents

7
Sustainability Indicators in Indonesia

• Local community welfare
• Not lowering local communitys income
• There are adequate measures to overcome the
  possible impact of lowered income of community
  members
• Not lowering local public services
• An agreement among conflicting parties is
  reached, conforming to existing regulation,
  dealing with any lay-off problems
• Local community participation in the project
• Local community has been consulted
• Comments and complaints from local communities
  are taken into consideration and responded to

8
Sustainability Indicators in Indonesia

• Local community social integrity
• Not triggering any conflicts among local
  communities
• Technology transfer
• Not causing dependencies on foreign parties in
  knowledge and appliance operation (transfer of
  know-how)
• Not using experimental or obsolete technologies
• Enhancing the capacity and utilization of local
  technology

9
Sustainability Criteria in Malaysia
10
Sustainability Indicators in Malaysia

• The project must
• support the sustainable development policies of
  Malaysia
• bring direct benefits towards achieving
  sustainable development
• involve participation of Annex I Party/Parties
  (government or company)
• buyer, provider of equity and technology
• buyer and provider of equity
• buyer and technology provider
• provide technology transfer benefits and/or
  improvement in technology
• transfer of environmentally sound technologies
  and know-how (not necessarily from Annex-I
  Party/Parties)
• technology is more efficient and less carbon
  intensive
• technology should support the SD objectives of
  Malaysia
• transfer and/or improvement in technology should
  enhance the indigenous capacity of Malaysians to
  apply, develop and implement environmentally
  sound technologies

11
Conclusions

• Sustainability criteria can be relatively broad
  (India) or specific (Indonesia)
• Indicators are necessary to operationalize the
  criteria
• Quantitative indicators are preferable to avoid
  biases in evaluation
• Except for Malaysia, countries have rarely
  rejected projects due to sustainability reasons
• Malaysia had a rejection rate of 20

12
Thank you!Further informationwww.perspectives
.ccor michaelowa_at_perspectives.cc