Title: Conceptual/Theoretical Frameworks Operational Frameworks
1Conceptual/Theoretical FrameworksOperational
Frameworks
- Jack Elliot
- Professor and Head
- Department of Agricultural
- Leadership, Education, and Communications
- Texas AM University
2An operational
3Texas Tech
4Delineate among
- Theoretical Frameworks
- Conceptual Frameworks
- Operational Frameworks
5Framework
A framework is a model of how one theorizes or
makes logical sense of the relationships among
several factors that have been identified as
important to the problem. (Sekaran, 2001)
This slide is courtesy of Rama Radhadrishna, The
Pennsylvania State University
6Frameworks
- Limit scope of inquiry
- Convey research importance to audiences
7Qualitative
- Learn from the participants
- Framework locations
- Orientation chapter 1
- Theory chapter 2
- Compare chapter 5
8Conceptual Framework Components
- Dependent variable/primary characteristic
- Variables of influence or characteristics of
interest - Extraneous variables or characteristics
9Relationship Among Five Types of Variables
Independent Variables
Dependent Variables
Variables of Influence
Moderator Variables
Intervening Variables
Dependent Variables
Control Variables
This slide is courtesy of Rama Radhadrishna, The
Pennsylvania State University
10Conceptual Framework Components
- Relationships (anticipated and predicted from the
review of literature) among and between variables
and/or characteristics
11Quantitative Framework Essentials
- Visually tells your story (research) the big
picture - Identifies literature review categories
- Directs your objectives
12Framework Essentials
- Establishes your anticipated analyses
(operational framework) - Manages your research design
- Directs your instrument development
13Quantitative Framework Locations
- Theoretical/Conceptual - end of Chapter 2
- A synthesis section explains the relationships
and the categories - A transition section leads to. . .
- Operational Framework
- Beginning of Chapter 3
- Tied to procedures/methodologies
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18Operational Framework
Conceptual Framework
19operational
3
4
2
1
20Conceptual Framework
Factors Social Capital Financial
Capital Human Capital Natural Capital
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (FAO, Dilts,
Bartlet Pontius, 2001)
Farmer associations form because farmers need
greater market clout and need lobbying power for
government service (FAO, 1998)
Group Formation
The next 5 slides are courtesy of Rama
Radhadrishna Cliff Bonzo, The Pennsylvania
State University
21Research Questions
- What is the demographic profile of the
participants? - What are the group formation factors in the
development of IPM farmers associations? - To what extent does knowledge acquisition impact
group formation? - What demographic characteristics are related to
group formation?
22Operational Framework
Independent variables
Dependent Variable
Factors Social Capital Financial
Capital Human Capital Natural
Capital (Bartlett, 2002 Scoones, 1998)
RQ 2
RQ 3
Knowledge Acquisition (Mathias, 1996)
Group Formation
Demographics Ethnicity
Gender Education
Land Holding (Esman Uphoff, 1984)
RQ 4
RQ 1
(Shaw, 1981 Tuckman Jenson, 1977)
RQ Research Questions 14
23Research Questions
- What is the demographic profile of the
participants? - What are the group formation factors in the
development of IPM farmers associations? - To what extent does knowledge acquisition impact
group formation? - What demographic characteristics are related to
group formation?
24Relationships
25Theoretical Framework
26Research Framework or Agenda
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28Conceptual Framework
29FROM NON-PARTICIPATION TO ENGAGEMENT
When people do not participate in programs, their
perspectives are lost and do not inform the
program - nor do they benefit from programs.
Problem
People do not participate because
The program They are not does not meet included
in their needs the planning
They respond to internal or external forces
Their values clash with that of program planners
Their level of innovativeness is low
Explanations
Based on
Needs are Participation identifiable
and means authentic if met, inclusion in
all people show up planning levels
People possess a level of adoptive readiness
Personal and social forces exist and
exert influence
Congruent values lead to participation
Assumptions
Argued by
Chain-of-Response Theory Cross
Needs Assessment Functionalists Empowerment
Borich Arnstein Scissons Freire
Resistance Theory Quigley Boshier
Adoption and Diffusion Theory Rogers
Theories Theorists
Remedied through
Epistemology Methodology 1. Needs
contextualized to include values and interests
Functional perspectives better define 2. Values
and interests are made explicit peoples
orientation to the program
Solutions
Resulting in
Points of divergence and convergence in peoples
functional perspectives are identified, resulting
in the identification of Points of leverage to
increase peoples participation in programs
Result
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31Texas Tech
Conceptual Framework
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33Example of _____________ Framework
Conceptual
Type of Tobacco
Location
Attitude toward school
Smoking Status of Youth (smoker vs. non-smoker)
Race
After HS plans
GPA
The next 3 slides are courtesy of Rama
Radhadrishna, The Pennsylvania State University
34Example of ____________ Framework
Operational
Sex-role stereotyping
Advancement of women to the top
Access to information
(Sekaran, 2001)
35Example of ______________ Framework
Operational
Hygiene factors (Job dissatisfaction)
Other variables
Job satisfaction of faculty
Motivator factors (Job satisfaction)
(Bowen and Radhakrishna study)
36An operational
37Framework Creation
Title
lt 12 words no articles prepositions debate
each word
IV
MV
Intervening variables
DV
CV
This slide is courtesy of Rama Radhadrishna, The
Pennsylvania State University
38Thank You