Title: How is PGS/PGD performed?
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How is PGS/PGD performed? m INFERTILITY
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In the realm of assisted reproductive
technologies, Preimplantation Genetic Screening
(PGS) and Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD)
have emerged as groundbreaking tools, providing
new hope for couples seeking to build their
families while mitigating the risk of genetic
disorders. These techniques offer a glimpse into
the genetic makeup of embryos before
implantation, allowing for a more informed and
personalized approach to fertility treatments.
Lets delve into the intricacies of PGS/PGD and
explore how they are performed.
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Understanding PGS and PGD
- Preimplantation Genetic Screening (PGS) PGS
involves the examination of embryos for - chromosomal abnormalities. This screening helps
identify embryos with the correct number of
chromosomes, reducing the risk of implantation
failure and miscarriage. The procedure is
particularly beneficial for couples with a
history of recurrent pregnancy loss or advanced
maternal age. - Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) Unlike
PGS, PGD focuses on identifying specific genetic
conditions within embryos. This technique is
invaluable for couples with a known genetic
disorder or those who are carriers of a
particular genetic mutation. PGD allows for the
selection of embryos free from the targeted
genetic condition, minimizing the chances of
passing it on to the next generation.
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The PGS/PGD Process
- Ovulation Stimulation and Egg Retrieval The
process begins with the stimulation of the - womans ovaries to produce multiple eggs. These
eggs are then retrieved through a minor surgical
procedure. - In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) In a laboratory
setting, the retrieved eggs are fertilized with
sperm to create embryos. The fertilization is
monitored closely to ensure the development of
healthy embryos. - Blastocyst Culture Embryos are cultured for a
few days until they reach the blastocyst stage.
2- This is a critical juncture for PGS/PGD, as the
cells needed for genetic analysis are obtained
from - the outer layer of the blastocyst.
- Biopsy A small number of cells are carefully
removed from the trophectoderm (outer layer) of
the blastocyst for analysis. This minimally
invasive procedure is crucial for obtaining
genetic information without compromising the
embryos viability. - Genetic Analysis The extracted cells undergo
comprehensive genetic testing, either through
next-generation sequencing or other advanced
techniques. PGS evaluates chromosomal content,
while PGD targets specific genetic conditions. - Embryo Selection and Transfer Based on the
genetic analysis, embryos without identified
abnormalities are selected for transfer into the
womans uterus. This personalized approach
increases the likelihood of a successful
pregnancy. - Conclusion
- As we navigate the frontier of reproductive
technologies, PGS and PGD stand as pioneers in
enhancing the success rates of fertility
treatments and reducing the risk of genetic
disorders. By allowing couples to make informed
decisions about embryo selection, these
techniques open new doors for creating healthy
and thriving families. As technology continues to
advance, the future holds even more promise - for refining and expanding the applications of
PGS and PGD in the realm of assisted reproduction.
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