MENTAL HEALTH The Challenge of the 21st Century

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MENTAL HEALTH The Challenge of the 21st Century

• André Haynal M.D.
• Professor (emeritus and honorary), University of
  Geneva
• Former visiting professor, Stanford University
• Former member of the Swiss Academy of Medical
  Sciences
• etc.

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HEALTH

• Health is a state of complete physical, mental
  and social well-being and not merely the absence
  of disease or infirmity. (Constitution of the
  World Health Organisation 1946).

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HYGIENE

• Hygiene includes measures to help people function
  at their full mental potential in order to cope
  with a stressful world and with a technologically
  transformed new environment.

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Effects of diabetic patients educational
programme on amputations reduction
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Bowlby, J (1951) Maternal care and mental
hygiene, Geneva, W.H.O. Monograph
Habent sua fata libelli...
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Daniel Süss, Zürich 1997
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• Life Events
• Score
• Death of spouse 100
• Divorce 73
• Marital separation from mate 65
• Detention in jail, other institution 63
• Death of a close family member 63
• Major personal injury or illness 53
• Marriage 50
• Fired from work 47
• Marital reconciliation 45
• Retirement 45
• Major change in the health or behavior of a
  family member 44
• Pregnancy 40
• Sexual difficulties 39
• Gaining a new family member (e.g., through
  birth, adoption, oldster moving, etc.) 39
• Major business re-adjustment (e.g., merger,
  reorganization, bankruptcy) 39
• Major change in financial status 38
• Death of close friend 37

The Holmes-Rahe Scale
Holmes Rahe (1967). Holmes-Rahe life changes
scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. Vol.11,
pp 213-218
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• Death of spouse 100
• Divorce 73
• Marital separation from mate 65
• Detention in jail, other institution 63
• Death of a close family member 63
• Major personal injury or illness 53
• Marriage 50
• Fired from work 47
• Marital reconciliation 45
• Retirement 45
• Major change in the health or behavior of a
  family member 44

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SCORING FOR THE HOLMES-RAHE SOCIAL READJUSTMENT
SCALE

• Less than 150 life change units 30 chance of
  developing a stress-related illness
• 150 - 299 life change units 50 chance of
  illness
• Over 300 life change units 80 chance of
  illness
• Holmes Rahe (1967). Holmes-Rahe life changes
  scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. Vol.11,
  pp 213-218

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DSM IV ICD-10

• Somatization disorder
• Undifferenciated Somatoform Disorder
• Conversion Disorder
• Pain Disorder
• Hypocondriasis
• Body Dismorphic Disorder
• Somatoform Disorder Not Otherwise Specified

• Somatization disorder
• Undifferenciated Somatoform Disorder
• Dissociative conversion disorders, (category
  with 14 items)
• Persistent somatoform pain disorder
• Hypochondriacal disorder
• .
• Somatoform disorder, unspecified

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AIDS

• Explosion in Central Asia and Eastern Europe of
  this illness, where more than 75 of the infected
  are younger than 30 years.

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20th Century era of mega-death

• an excess of 175,000,000 deaths as a result of
  deliberate, politically motivated carnage - more
  than the total killed in all previous wars, civil
  conflicts, and religious persecutions throughout
  history. (Brzezinski, Z. (1993). Out of
  Control Global Turmoil on the Eve of the 21st
  Century. New York Charles Scribner's.).

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Forms of social violence

• Mob verb crowd round (someone) in an unruly and
  excitable way in order to admire or attack them.
• Stalk verb harass or persecute (someone) with
  unwanted and obsessive attention. For
  five years, she was stalked by a man who would
  taunt and threaten her
• The NEW OXFORD Dictionary of ENGLISH

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• A gramme is better than a damn
• One cubic centimetre
• Cures ten gloomy sentiments
• I wish I had my soma
• Szoma ha mondom,
• segit a gondon,
• csak egy köbcenti,
• helyre biccenti

Aldous Huxley (1932) Brave New World.
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don't believe everything you think !