Nutrition Screening and Assessment

1
Nutrition Screening and Assessment

• FCS 5151
• Burns

2
Session Outcomes

• Differentiate between nutrition screening and
  assessment
• Analyze the nutritional status of a classmate
  using a variety of screening and assessment tools.

3
Nutrition Screening

• Process of identifying characteristics known to
  be associated with nutrition problems
• Purpose to quickly identify persons at greatest
  risk for malnutrition, especially protein energy
  malnutrition (PEM)
• Quick, safe, and cheap

4
Types of Malnutrition

• Protein-energy malnutrition
• Acute vs. chronic
• Kwashiorkor protein deficiency
• Marasmus energy deficiency

5
Kwashiorkor v marasmus
6
Identifying characteristics

• Kwashiorkor
• Edema
• Less obvious muscle wasting
• Mental changes
• Poor appetite
• Fatty liver

• Marasmus
• Severe wasting of muscle and fat
• Good appetite
• No mental changes
• Minimal changes in hair color/texture

7
Nutrition Screening

• What it is?
• Who does it?
• When it is done?
• Where?
• How?

8
From the video

• Characteristics of malnutrition
• Parts/steps of screening
• Outcomes of screening

9
Nutrition Screening Process

• Includes a quick collection and interpretation of
  crucial data
• Determines the need for nutritional assessment
• Identifies level of risk for malnutrition through
  the examination of many risk factors

10
Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI)

• Focuses on older Americans
• Joint effort
• Goals
• ID potential risk factors
• ID indicators of malnutrition
• Raise public awareness

11
Nutrition Assessment

• Comprehensive approach that defines nutritional
  status using medical, nutrition, and medication
  histories physical examination anthropometric
  measurements and laboratory data.
• Process of estimating individual or group
  nutritional status as a basis for
• identifying needs and goals
• planning personal health care
• community programs to meet nutritional needs

12
Assessing Nutritional Status

• Anthropometrics
• Biochemical
• Clinical
• Dietary
• Emotional
• Functional
• Medication

13
Anthropometric methods

• Measurements of physical dimensions and gross
  composition of body
• Commonly used
• Specific measures include height, weight,
  skinfolds, BMI, waist circumference

14
Biochemical methods

• Measurements of chemical components
• Provide indications of tissue level and/or
  functioning
• Most objective, but expensive and invasive
• Examples?
• Factoring influencing values

15
Factors Influencing Lab Values

• Hydration status
• Physiological stress
• Sensitivity of the test
• Blood being tested
• Sensitivity of the equipment
• Validity of reference standards

16
Clinical assessment

• Observation of physical signs associated with
  malnutrition
• Hair, eyes, lips, gums, mouth, tongue, teeth,
  face, neck, nails, skin
• More subjective
• Very useful in screening

17
Dietary assessment

• collection of food intake data
• analysis and interpretation of food intake data
• to make judgments about dietary adequacy
• can occur at the national, household, or
  individual level

18
Dietary Assessment Types

• Food records
• Estimation by recall
• Food frequency
• Diet history
• Direct observation

19
Emotional Assessment

• Why important to include?
• What kinds of questions are asked?

20
Functional Assessment

• Activities of daily living
• Self-care activities
• Instrumental activities of daily living
• Those that require a higher level of functioning

21
(No Transcript)
22
(No Transcript)
23
Medication Assessment

• Drug-drug and drug-nutrient interactions
• Inhibit absorption of nutrients
• Increase the excretion of a nutrient
• Cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
• Inhibit or induce metabolism of a nutrient
• Increase or decrease appetite
• Alter the taste and smell of the individual

24
What do you think?

• What are the top five commonly used medications
  in men and women aged 65?

25
Issues of data collection

• Validity
• Reliability
• Cultural issues

26
Session Assessment

• Differentiate between nutrition screening and
  assessment
• Analyze the nutritional status of a classmate
  using a variety of screening and assessment tools.