INTERNATIONAL BIOFUEL

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INTERNATIONAL BIOFUEL
BY PARVATHY THULASEEDHARAN SAILAJA
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CONTENTS

• Biofuel-CO2 Balance
• Ethanol Production Equipment
• Electricity from Bagasse
• Combined Farming
• Subsidies and Tariffs on Ethanol
• Biofuel- Kyoto Protocol
• Biofuel-India And Africa

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Biofuel CO2 balance

• E-85- 85 Ethanol, 15 gasoline
• Lowers the emission of CO by 27 and CO2 by
  30
• According to Department of Energy Argonne
  National Lab ,Ethanol blended fuels reduced CO2
  equivalent to GHGs by 7.8 million tons in 2005

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• Has an effect of removing annual GHGs of over 1
  million automobiles from roads.
• CO2 used as a co- product
• CO2 compressed and sold to industries.
• CO2 used to carbonate beverages, dry ice and
  flash freeze meat.

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Ethanol Blends, Especially E85 Made from
Cellulosic Ethanol, Can Significantly Reduce GHG
Emissions
Reductions in Per-Mile GHG Emissions by Ethanol
Blend to Displace Gasoline
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Energy in Different Fuels Can Have Very Different
Qualities
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Ethanol Production
Ethanol Industry
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Mechanical cutting of sugar cane
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Equipment used to load truck with sugar cane
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Worlds largest molecular sieve ethanol dehydrator
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Bagasse

• Biomass remaining after sugarcane stalks are
  crushed to extract their juice.
• Sugar industry produces about 30 of bagasse
• Primary Fuel source for sugar mills
• Used for making paper, Disposable food containers
  etc.

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Electricity from bagasse

• Current production 600 MW for self use and 100
  MW for sale (Brazil)
• This activity is expected to boom now that
  utilities have been induced to pay fair price
  (about US10/GJ or US0.036/KWh) for 10 year
  contracts.
• Provides energy in Dry season.
• Production Ranges from 1000 to 9000MW .

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Combined Farming
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Sugar Cane

• 1/3 straw, 1/3 bagasse, 1/3 liquor
• Straw
• Fertilizer
• Co generation
• Bagasse
• Fuel
• Paper pulp
• Animal food
• Ethanol E furfural

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• Liquor
• Vinhaca- Fertilizer, other animal food ,Bio
  digestor
• Sugar
• Alcohol

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Subsidies and Tariffs

• US imposes a 54 cents per gallon Tariff to
  Ethanol
• US ethanol gets a 51-cents per gallon Tax
  subsidy
• The IISD estimated that agricultural subsidies to
  farmers currently sum to 1.05 to 1.38 per
  gallon of ethanol.

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• California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger said on
  May 21st at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab that
  he wants markets to set policies on low carbon
  fuels, and called for eliminating subsidies and
  tariffs related to ethanol.

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Policies to encourage green energy

• Providing new tax credits and loan guarantees
• Boosting the Renewable Fuel Standard to ensure
  demand for new biofuels keeps pace with
  production capacity
• Lowering the current import tariff on foreign
  biofuels to further broaden the market for these
  new alternative fuels

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• Reforming current federal support for biofuels to
  be more market-responsive with a countercyclical
  federal subsidy
• Extending current Renewable Energy Tax Credits
  for wind and biofuel production to encourage new
  investment
• Creating new tax and production incentives for
  private sector investments in biofuel production
  infrastructure and clean energy marketplaces.

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Biofuel-Kyoto Protocol

• The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty,
  adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997, by
  the third Conference of Parties (COP3) to the
  United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
  Change

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• Biodiesel is being promoted in many countries as
  a means implementing their commitments under the
  Kyoto Protocol and to use the Clean Development
  Mechanism
• The United States, the world's biggest emitter of
  GHGs
• Kyoto Treaty was ratified and President Bush
  signed HR 4520 in law, which provides both
  biodiesel and ethanol an exercise tax refund.

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Biofuel- Africa

• Africa is on the verge of entering the biofuels
  industry
• Africa produces surpluses of crops used to make
  bio-ethanol like sugar and maize and sees great
  scope for exports.
• Sasol , the world's biggest synthetic fuel maker
  from coal and South Africa's second biggest
  corporate by revenue, has decided to build a
  biodiesel plant to produce about 125 million
  litres a year .

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• Policy-makers had agreed on a blend of between 8
  and 10 percent and 3-5 percent for bio-ethanol
  and bio-diesel with conventional fuel,
  respectively, in line with the pattern in
  developed countries
• Research going on ethanol from algae which can
  produce well over 10,000 gallons per acre

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Biofuel - India

• One of the largest sugarcane producer in the
  world producing around 300 million tons of cane
  per year
• Of this about 60 cane is utilized for sugar
  production, 30 is consumed for producing
  alternate sweeteners and balance 10 is used for
  seed purposes
• The Indian sugar industry has various options
  for its sustainable growth

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• Gasohol  Power complexes from Sugar Cane
• Manufacture of  Sugar, Alcohol and Power from
  sugarcane
• Sugar, Power and Alco chemical complexes
• Suggested options are-
• Produce sugar directly from primary juice and
  divert secondary juice for manufacture of gasohol
  

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• 2.Divert part of the syrup for manufacture of
  gasohol
• 3.Divert heavy molasses for manufacture of
  gasohol
• Advantages of first method-
• Increase in Gasohol Production (1020 - 2710)
• Reduction in Steam Consumption
• Reduction in power consumption (7KW/ton)

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• Sugar Quality
• Consumption of Chemicals
• Bagasse saving

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Conclusion (Biofuel India)

• Selective use of secondary juice for manufacture
  of gasohol, the sugar production can be adjusted
  to meet the actual consumption
• Additional annual revenue of about Rs.2.0 crores
  for a 2500 TCD plant
• Stable sugar price
• Production of exportable quality sugar

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• Adequate availability of Ethanol to meet
  increasing demand
• Higher (upto 40) potential for exportable power
  through use of captive bagasse
• Remunerative price for sugar cane and Higher
  earnings per hectare.

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THANK YOU
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Questions?