Creating an Appropriate Voice

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Creating an Appropriate Voice

• - Emotional, Logical, and Ethical Appeals

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How to make emotional appeals?
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How to make emotional appeals?

• When you appeal to readers emotions (Pathos),
  you want to create a voice that will engage your
  readers feelings.

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How to make emotional appeals?

• Strategies 1
• Use language and details that evoke strong
  emotional reactions.

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How to make emotional appeals?

• Strategies 2
• Describe the actions of a group your readers are
  likely to oppose or even see as enemy. Its
  effective if you can let readers see that you
  join them in opposing the enemy.

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How to make emotional appeals?

• Strategies 3
• Identify consequences that are likely to inspire
  or alarm your readers. Help your readers to see
  what is likely to happen if they act or speak in
  a certain way.

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How to make emotional appeals?

• Strategies 4
• Make comparisons that are likely to evoke strong
  feelings in your readers. A comparison means one
  thing to you might mean something quite different
  to your readers.

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How to make logical appeals?
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How to make logical appeals?

• Rather than trying to stir readers emotions, a
  logical appeal (Logo) guide audience towards an
  end and final statement via deductive or
  inductive reasoning. The voice associated with
  this sort of appeal is likely to seem calm,
  unemotional, thoughtful.

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How to make logical appeals?

• Strategies 1
• Summarize opposing points of view accurately and
  fairly. If the person with whom you are
  disagreeing feels you understand his position,
  that person may become more willing to consider
  your position.

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How to make logical appeals?

• Strategies 2
• Acknowledge and refute opposing points of view.
  Refute counterarguments clearly, especially by
  mentioning a principle readers are likely to
  agree with, providing factual information, or
  citing authorities that support your point of
  view.

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How to make logical appeals?

• Strategies 3
• Use impartial language to cite examples,
  precedents, and authorities, especially referring
  to institutions, organizations, or groups of
  people rather than to individuals.

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How to make ethical appeals?
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How to make ethical appeals?

• An ethical appeal (Ethos) aims to get the
  audience to trust you, to see you as one of them.
  In an ethical appeal, the author usually brings
  knowledge and expertise to the audience, which
  help him/her build up credibility and reputation.

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How to make ethical appeals?

• Strategies 1
• Use language that will establish yourself as
  someone readers can like and trust.

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How to make ethical appeals?

• Strategies 1
• Imply that you and your readers are on the same
  side of a conflict.