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Vehicle Collision Avoidance System
Abhimanyu Sharma Yatish Agarwal Surjya Ray
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Contents

• Motivation
• Our Approach to Vehicle Collision Avoidance
• Various Other Cooperative Protocols
• Vehicular Collision Warning Communication (VCWC)
• Broadcast-Based Protocol for Cooperative
  collision (CCA)
• Implemented System-UCB with General Motors

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Motivation

• There were nearly 6,420,000 auto accidents in the
  United States in 2005.
• The financial cost of these crashes was more than
  230 Billion dollars.
• 6858 people were injured in Road accidents in
  2006
• OUR MOTIVATION
• To make this world a Safer place!

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Our Approach to Collision Avoidance

• Motes interfaced to Infra Red Sensors installed
  on each car

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Our Approach to Vehicle Collision Avoidance

• The IR sensor-SharpsGP2Y02 are interfaced to ADC
  of mote
• It gives out Analog voltage corresponding to the
  approaching distance.

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Our Approach to Collision Avoidance

• Motes interfaced to Infra Red Sensors installed
  on each car

Road side Unit Computation in RSU
Vehicle-Vehicle Communication
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Various Vehicle Protocols

• Cooperative Vehicle Collision Avoidance using
  Inter-vehicle Packet Forwarding
• Broadcast-Based Protocol for Cooperative
  collision(CCA)

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Cooperative communication

• Increase Effective QOS through cooperation
• Single Antenna nodes share their antennas in a
  manner that crate a virtual MIMO system.

Relay node
Source
Destination
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Vehicular Collision Warning Communication1(VCWC)

• Low latency in delivering warning messages
• congestion control
• service differentiation
• emergency warning dissemination
• Perception limitation
• 1X. Yang, J. Liu, F. Zhao and N. Vaidya, A
  Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication Protocol for
  Cooperative Collision Warning, Proceedings of
  the First Annual International Conference on
  Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems Networking and
  Services (MobiQuitous'04)

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Vehicular Collision Warning Communication (VCWC)

• Application Challenges
• Challenge 1 String delay requirement
• Challenge 2 Support multiple Abnormal Vehicles
  (AV)

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Vehicular Collision Warning Communication (VCWC)

• Challenge 3 Differentiation and eliminating
  redundancy

• high mobility broadcast
  reliability repeated transmission

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Vehicular Collision Warning Communication (VCWC)

• Assumptions
• Geographical location
• Wireless transceivers
• Transmission range lt 300 meters
• Delivery Delay Wait Retransmission
• Transmission rate high, low
• Multiplicative rate decreasing

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Vehicular Collision Warning Communication (VCWC)
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Vehicular Collision Warning Communication (VCWC)
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Broadcast-Based Protocol for Cooperative
collision(CCA)

• Avoid Chain Accidents
• Car 0 sends Warning Message to Car 1 which in
  turn sends signal to Car 2 in a multi-hop fashion
  
• Latency of Warning Message should be low
• 2 Raymond Tatchikou, Subir Biswas, Francois
  Dion,Cooperative Vehicle Collision Avoidance
  using Inter-vehicle Packet Forwarding, IEEE
  GLOBECOM 2005 proceedings.
• 
  

72 mph 32 m/sec Inter-Car distance 1sec 32m
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Broadcast-Based Protocol for Cooperative
collision(CCA)
NO Vehicle protocol scenario Driver reaction time
1.5 sec
Vehicle collision Avoidance
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Broadcast-Based Protocol for Cooperative
collision(CCA)

• Direction aware Broadcast Forwarding
• Naïve Broadcasting
• Vehicle Broadcasts Warning Message
• Vehicle Ignores Warning Message if it receives
  from behind
• Sends periodic Warning messages if it receives an
  accident warning from front.
• Disadvantage
• Excessive Message Generation rate which increases
  collisions.
• Excessive Collisions increase Latency because of
  Retransmission

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Broadcast-Based Protocol for Cooperative
collision(CCA)

• Direction aware Broadcast Forwarding
• Intelligent Broadcast with implicit Ack
• After starting Broadcast,if a vehicle receives
  message from a node behind, it stops
  transmission.
• In case there are multiple vehicles in a tx
  range, a vehicle acts upon the first received
  Warning Message
• Upon packet reception for first time, a vehicle
  decelerates and waits for a random amount of time
  to see if it receives the Warning message from
  the same ID and if it does it stops TX else
  continues TX

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Cooperative collision warning

• 3Project conducted by University of California
  Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways (PATH)
  program and General Motors Research and
  Development
• estimating vehicle position and speed
• communication system
• display devices
• In-vehicle software and hardware
• 3J. Misener, R. Sengupta, and H. Krishnan,
  Cooperative Collision Warning Enabling Crash
  Avoidance with Wireless Technology, Proc. 12th
  World Congress on ITS, Nov. 2005.

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Your Protocol

• System Architecture

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Cooperative collision warning

• Results
• IEEE 802.11 adequate for CCW 5 vehicles.
• Support larger numbers of vehicles provided
• additional layers of communication are added
• Meet positional requirements by fusing GPS with
  steering angle, wheel speed, and yaw rate sensors
• High power, no digital maps, straight movements

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References

• 1X. Yang, J. Liu, F. Zhao and N. Vaidya, A
  Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication Protocol for
  Cooperative Collision Warning, Proceedings of
  the First Annual International Conference on
  Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems Networking and
  Services (MobiQuitous'04)
• 2 Raymond Tatchikou, Subir Biswas, Francois
  Dion,Cooperative Vehicle Collision Avoidance
  using Inter-vehicle Packet Forwarding, IEEE
  GLOBECOM 2005 proceedings.
• 3J. Misener, R. Sengupta, and H. Krishnan,
  Cooperative Collision Warning Enabling Crash
  Avoidance with Wireless Technology, Proc. 12th
  World Congress on ITS, Nov. 2005.

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