1 Revelation of the Quran:

1

• 1- Revelation of the Quran
• Revealed in stages (Munajjaman) over a period of
  23 y
• In all places and times (city, travel, day,
  night..)
• Madani verses (after migration)
• About 20 surah (e.g. Munafiqoon)
• Makki verses (before migration)
• 82 surah, Sajda,
• subject Aqeeda (creed), stories, short ayat
  (verses)..
• Disputed 12 surah
• All Intermingling
• Reason
• Strengthen the heart of the prophet (verse)
• Make understanding and memorization easy (even
  today)

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• Order of revelation
• First revealed 96 1-3
• Last 2281 54 not last, after Arafat
• Number of Suras124
• Number of Ayas 6,200
• Order of verses revealed (Tawqeefee)
• Order of suras Same (other Ijtihad of Sahaba
  (combination))

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• 2- Tafseer (exegesis)
• - Tafseer (exegesis) science of understanding
  Quran
• - Translation the linguistic beauty can't be
  translated explaining the meaning
• Requirements
• Thorough knowledge of both languages
• Pure belief and intention
• In accordance with Sunnah, Islamic teaching and
  Arabic language
• The Mufasreen (scholars of Tafseer) among the
  companions
• Many the most known (largest narrations)
• Abdullah Ibn Abbass
• Abdullah Ibn Masood
• Ali Bin Abi Talib
• Ubay Ibn Kaab

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• The schools of Tafseer
• 1- The school of Mecca Ibn Abbass his
  students
• 2- The school of Medina Ubay Ibn Kaab his
  students
• 3- The school of Iraq Abdullah Ibn Masood- his
  students
• Types of Tafseer
• Atafseer Bil Athar (based on text)
• based on Quran, Sunnah, Tabeen (first
  generation)
• e.g. Altabari, Ibn Kathir

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• Atafseer bi Alraye (based on opinion) Two
  types
• Permissible in accordance with Arabic, Sunnah,
  Quran
• -e.g. Tfseer Alrazi, Albaidawi
• Not permissible.
• -e.g. sectarian tafaseer, philosophers,
  esoteric, ishari
• -e.g. Azamakhashri
• Tafseer of Fuqhaa (scholars of Fiqh) focus on
  Fiqh Ahkam (rulings) .
• e.g. Ahkam Alquran Ibn Aarabi, Aljami Li Ahkam
  Alquran Alqurtubi

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• Contemporary Tafaseer
• Many...
• Fi Zilal Al-Quran- Book of reflections or
  tafseer?
• Issues
• Israelite and Fabrications
• Science and Quran