Final Design Phase

1
Final Design Phase

• Goal development of a detailed implementation
  plan for the new safety process.
• During the meeting
• present assessment results framework
• build consensus around key decisions
• should be facilitative
• disagree openly if you feel that way (incentives
  example)
• McSween suggests to plan for this to require 6
  days of work

2
McSweens Teams

• In a small site, design team reports to
  management team and design team turns into the
  steering team. There may be no need for area
  safety teams

Implementation/Maintenance
Assessment/Design
Management Team
Management Team
(same members)
Steering Team
Design Team
(same members)
(members from each area)
3
Teams Large Sites

• In large sites, design team reports to management
  team, implements process managed by steering team
  through area safety teams.

Implementation/Maintenance
Assessment/Design
Management Team
Management Team
(same members)
Steering Team
Design Team
(same members)
AT2
AT3
AT4
AT1
(New members/observers)
4
Teams - Multiple Sites
Implementation/Maintenance
Assessment/Design
Management Team
Management Team
(same members)
Steering Team 1
Design Team
(new members)
AT2
AT3
AT4
AT1
(New members/observers)
5
Teams - Multiple Sites
Implementation/Maintenance
Assessment/Design
Management Team
Management Team
(same members)
Steering Team 2
Steering Team 1
Design Team
(new members)
AT2
AT3
AT4
AT1
(New members/observers)
AT2
AT3
AT4
AT1
(New members/observers)
6
Teams - Multiple Sites
Implementation/Maintenance
Assessment/Design
Management Team
Management Team
(same members)
Steering Team 2
Steering Team 1
Design Team
(new members)
AT2
AT3
AT4
AT1
Steering Team 3
(New members/observers)
AT2
AT3
AT4
AT1
(New members/observers)
AT2
AT3
AT4
AT1
(New members/observers)
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Some Key Questions

• (1) Who should be observed during each
  observation?
• What type of feedback is delivered and when?
• Observation Sampling. The purpose of
  observations is to collect accurate data for the
  level of safety across the entire site. Should
  observations be planned, spontaneous, both?
• Should conducting observations be voluntary or
  mandatory?
• Should being observed be voluntary or mandatory?
• How long should the checklist be?
• What should be included on the checklist?
  Behavior, systems, conditions, all?

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Objectives of Design Phase

• Develop an observation process that provides a
  regular measure of on the job safety
• Develop feedback procedures for communicating and
  reviewing observation data
• Safety awards, if any, tied to on-the-job safety
  improvement
• An involvement process that ensures the ongoing
  involvement of employees
• A system of accountability and R

9
Design Team Resistance

• The design team should
• Clarify the roles of the area safety teams
• Write a job description for each position and
  mission statement for each team
• Roles measures evaluation
• Dealing with resistance
• Conduct a pilot
• Pilot area should be representative of other
  areas
• It should have managers supportive of the process
• It should have room for improvement
• Address it openly name the resistance

10
Steering Team

• Project management
• Provide design team goals, track progress
• Change organizational policies and procedures to
  facilitate the behavioral safety process
• Incentive programs, performance appraisal
• Sanction the design team recommendations
• Commitment of resources, funding, time, etc.

11
Steps in the Design Phase

• Establish a purpose statement and milestone
  targets
• Create the observation process
• Develop feedback and involvement procedures
• Develop recognition and celebration plans
• Plan training and kickoff meetings
• Conduct a management review

12
Step 1 Establish values and mission

• Brainstorm actions likely to impact the process
• Pinpoint those practices
• Sort the practices into value categories
• Use these values in creating the safety process
• Discuss the values in kickoff meetings and
  training
• Use the values as criteria for evaluation

13
Get Management to Review

• Review completed plans for the following
• Observations process
• Feedback and involvement procedures
• Safety incentive program
• Kickoff meetings and observer training

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Fox, Hopkins, Anger (1987)

• Most behavioral safety applications have reported
  short term evaluations
• 2 open pit mines
• Majority of injuries were associated with use of
  heavy equipment
• Variable number of employees over the years (p.
  216)
• Initial training and refresher tool box meetings

16
Token Economy

• 4 groups of employees, from least to most
  hazardous jobs
• Individual stamps for avoiding injury each month,
  based on hazard level of the job (for 4 groups)
• Monthly group awards by supervisor for avoiding
  injury
• All award amounts were determined by level of
  risk in area
• Special payments of stamps by safety committee
  made to workers on a discretionary basis, for
  safety suggestions and other special action
• Penalty
• No stamps for 1 month for 1-2 days missed 2
  months if 3-4 days 3 months if 5-6 daysup to 6
  months
• Group awards lost for at least one month, resumed
  when person returned to work
• Equipment damage lost stamps for the group in
  accordance with value of damage
• Any worker and the workers group lost stamps for
  the month for failure to report an injury

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Token Economy 2

• At program start, employees injury free for 2
  years given 10k
• Stamps exchangeable for many things at local
  stores
• Design multiple baseline across sites
• DVs
• Days lost per million person hours worked
• Number of lost time injuries per million person
  hours worked
• Direct costs of injury (comp insurance, medical
  care, damaged equipment
• Results
• Benefitcost ranged from 12.9 to 27.8