Direct3D Retained Mode

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Direct3D Retained Mode

• Colin McCartney
• Development Manager
• Microsoft Corporation

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Agenda

• New features
• Interpolator Interfaces
• Support of true alpha
• Progressive Meshes
• Tips and tricks

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New Features - Interpolators

• Allows animation of applicable APIs
• APIs such as
• SetGroupColorRGB()
• SetVerticies()
• SetOrientation()
• SetPosition()
• Check out morph sample

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New Features - Interpolators

• Used by creating an Interpolator object and
  calling QueryInterface() for the interface you
  wish to animate
• Attach interpolator object to the target object
  for animation

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New Features - Interpolators

• Example
• First create a mesh with some vertices and faces

LPDIRECT3DRMMESH pMesh D3DRMGROUPINDEX
dwGID DWORD pFaceData D3DRMVERTEX
pVData pD3DRM-CreateMesh(pMesh) pMe
sh-AddGroup(3, 1, 3, pFaceData,
dwGID) pMesh-SetVertices(dwGID, 0, 3, pVData)
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New Features - Interpolators

• Now create an interpolator object to animate the
  color of vertices

LPDIRECT3DRMINTERPOLATOR pInterp LPDIRECT3DRMMESH
pMeshProxy pD3DRM-CreateObject(CLSIID_CDirect3
DRMMeshInterpolator, NULL,
IID_IDirect3DRMInterpolator,
(LPVOID)pInterp) // pMeshProxy provides
interpolants pInterp-QueryInterface(IID_IDirect3
DRMMesh, (LPVOID)pMeshProxy) // Hook
the interpolator to the real mesh pInterp-AddObje
ct(pMesh)
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New Features - Interpolators

• Provide the keys...

// pInterp and pMeshProxy and interfaces to the
same // Interpolator object pInterp-SetIndex(D3DV
AL(0.0)) pMeshProxy-SetGroupColorRGB(D3DVAL(0.0)
, D3DVAL(0.0), D3DVAL(0.0)) pInterp-SetInd
ex(D3DVAL(25.0)) pMeshProxy-SetGroupColorRGB(D3D
VAL(0.3), D3DVAL(0.3), D3DVAL(0.3)) pInterp
-SetIndex(D3DVAL(50.0)) pMeshProxy-SetGroupColo
rRGB(D3DVAL(1.0), D3DVAL(1.0),
D3DVAL(1.0)) pInterp-SetIndex(D3DVAL(75.0)) pMe
shProxy-Release() // Dont need it anymore
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New Features - Interpolators

• Now just add the mesh to the scene and vary the
  index over time
• E.g. in a move callback

VOID CDECL interpolateFunc(LPDIRECT3DRMFRAME
pFrame, LPVOID pvArg, D3DVALUE
dvDelta) static D3DVALUE dvVal
D3DVAL(0.0) LPDIRECT3DRMINTERPOLATOR pInterp
(LPDIRECT3DRMINTERPOLATOR)pvArg
dvVal dvDelta pInterp-Interpolate(dvVal,
NULL, D3DRMINTERPOLATION_CLOSED
D3DRMINTERPOLATION_LINEAR)
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New Features - Interpolators

• Demo...

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New Features - True Alpha

• Alpha channel in texture
• In order to support compatibility texture must be
  created from IDirect3DRM2 interface
• Or use CLSIID_CDirect3DRMTexture2
• Alpha value in vertex
• Used to only provide stippled alpha
• Now provides true alpha

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New Features - True Alpha

• Shadows use true alpha if available
• How to use it?
• Device must have an IDirect3DDevice2 available
• Create device using IDirect3DRM2
• Possibly need to use DrawPrimitive

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New Features - True Alpha

• Must also set IDirect3DRMDevice2SetRenderMode()
• D3DRMRENDERMODE_BLENDEDTRANSPARENCY
• Uses True Alpha instead of stippled alpha IF
  supported
• D3DRMRENDERMODE_SORTEDTRANSPARENCY
• Use only if really needed - overhead of sorting
• Uses DrawPrimitive
• Demo...

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New Features - I/O

• New load support
• Asynchronous
• Progressive Mesh only
• From a URL
• All objects (Frame, Mesh, PMesh)

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New Features - Others

• Mostly on IDirect3DRMFrame2
• Bounding box support
• Modify origin axis
• Crease angle
• Ray picking
• Misc
• Right-handed support
• MIP map generation

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New Features - Progressive Mesh

• Provide real time, continuous level of detail
  support
• no popping as in traditional LOD
• Mesh stored as a base mesh and series of vertex
  splits
• Mesh is renderable after the base mesh has been
  loaded

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New Features - Progressive Mesh

• Base mesh contains
• all face and vertex information for the lowest
  level of detail
• information about materials and textures
• Vertex splits introduce a new vertex and 1 or 2
  new faces

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New Features - Progressive Mesh

• Vertex splits are invertible
• edge collapse
• Highest level of detail is geometrically
  identical to source mesh
• lossless representation

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New Features - Progressive Mesh
Vertex Split
vt
vl
vr
vs
vs

Edge collapse
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New Features - Progressive Mesh
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New Features - Direct3DRM and Progressive Mesh

• New visual object and interface
• IDirect3DRMProgressiveMesh
• Same behavior as other visuals
• added to frames in the hierarchy
• adhere to overrides
• Can create a normal mesh object from any level of
  detail

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New Features - Direct3DRM and Progressive Mesh

• Concise representation in DirectX Files
• Feature set of the interface
• Flexibility in choosing LOD to fine-tune frame
  rate
• Incremental changes LOD reduce snapping / popping
  artifacts
• Face, vertex or normalized basis

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New Features - Direct3DRM and Progressive Mesh

• Feature set of the interface
• Asynchronous loading with new load flag
• D3DRMLOAD_ASYNCHRONOUS
• can be progressively rendered as it is loaded
• can be combined with D3DRMLOAD_FROMURL

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New Features - Direct3DRM and Progressive Mesh
Conversion tool Preserve appearance geometric
shape scalar fields (e.g. color,
normals) discontinuity curves
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New Features -Progressive Mesh Recap

• LOD selection at install time of a title
• profile platform, decide LOD for content
• Real time LOD simplification
• based on frame rate or Z distance
• Progressive download of 3D over the net
• Polygon reduction in an authoring tool

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New Features -Progressive Mesh Recap

• More information
• Siggraph 96 proceedings
• http//www.research.microsoft.com/hoppe
• http//www.microsoft.com/directx
• Demo Havent you seen it yet???

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Tips And Tricks

• Debugging
• Use the debug DLLs
• win.ini section
• Please dont profile using the debug dlls...

Direct3DRM debug3 dumpformats1 nopal40 nopal8
1 norgb80 norgb160
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Tips And Tricks

• Various things can be done to speed up your
  application
• Many of them not specific to Retained Mode
• scale the application

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Tips And Tricks

• Culling
• Retained Mode culls on a mesh basis
• bounding box/sphere
• Z visibility - 200 triangles
• Dont have one huge mesh
• caveat - dont have one polygon meshes

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Tips And Tricks

• Mesh Usage
• MeshBuilders are convenient
• file access, face paradigm
• have overhead
• MeshBuilders built on top of Meshes
• changing the MeshBuilder requires reconstruction
  of underlying Mesh
• if you dont need the MeshBuilder again, throw it
  away

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Tips And Tricks

• Mesh Usage
• Meshes are fast
• built directly on ExecuteBuffers
• changing the Meshes modifies ExecuteBuffer
  directly

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Tips And Tricks

• Textures
• Check which texture formats are directly
  supported
• currently via ImmediateMode
• if you dont use a directly supported format,
  Direct3DRM will convert
• Call TextureChanged() if you change the surface
  or palette

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Tips And Tricks

• Textures
• Use system memory textures to enable texture
  caching
• To enable alpha, use IDirect3DRM2
• Use IDirect3DTexture2 to get BMPs the right way
  up Ooops

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Tips And Tricks

• Palettized Displays
• You can lock down the palette
• Create device via
• CreateDeviceFromSurface()
• CreateDeviceFromD3D()
• Set texture shades to 1

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Tips And Tricks

• Screen update
• Dont update what you dont need to
• Either
• let Retained Mode handle the update (in
  CreateFromClipper case)
• use an update callback
• Pay attention to region information
• Always call IDirect3DRMDeviceUpdate()

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Tips And Tricks

• Scale the application
• Applicable to any application
• Keep a track of the frame rate
• Keep motion steady using
• IDirect3DRMFrameMove(dvDelta)
• If you can, use Progressive Mesh
• if you cant provide geometry at various levels
  of detail
• Profile the application on start-up
• hardware may change on you

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