Endocrine Assessment Overview, Thyroid

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Endocrine Assessment(Overview, Thyroid
Parathyroid)

• Dr. Kathleen Ethridge
• Northeast Texas Community College

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Overview of System

• Pancreas
• Thyroid
• Parathyroid
• Adrenal
• Pituitary
• Reproductive

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Hormones

• Growth
• Reproduction
• Metabolism
• Adaptive Responses
• Homeostasis

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Thyroid Gland

• Location
• Hormones secreted
• T3
• T4
• TCT

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Microscopic View of Thyroid

• picture
• Hormones
• Regulated by a Negative Feedback Loop
• TSH (pituitary hormone)

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Assessment of Thyroid

• picture
• Anterior approach
• Posterior approach

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Simple Goiter

• Picture
• See Handout

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Hypothyroidism

• see handout

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Myxedema

• picture
• discussed on handout
• hypothyroidism

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Hyperthyroidism

• See handout

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Exophthalmos

• picture

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Thyroidectomy

• Subtotal thyroidectomy is the preferred surgical
  procedure
• Indicated for those unresponsive to antithyroid
  therapy or with cancer
• see handout

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Post-Op Thyroidectomy

• Assess
• Bleeding/hemorrhage
• Open airway, check for edema
• Whisper (hoarseness)
• Trachea
• Incision
• Emergency Measures

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Thyroidectomy

• Watch for Bleeding/Hemmorage
• Assess the airway
• Assess Voice changes
• Have a tracheostomy set available

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Thyroidectomy continued

• Check the incision
• Assess for tetany due to low calcium levels

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Lab Results - Thryroiditis

• Acute
• Subacute
• Chronic

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Thyroid CancerAssessment Treatment

• Malignant
• Benign

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Parathyroid Glands

• Four glands
• Attached to the thyroid gland
• Hormone secreted
• parathormone (PTH)

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Hyperparathyroidism

• Symptoms
• Renal stones
• Bone Loss
• Psychoses
• Abdominal distress
• See handout

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Diagnostic Testsfor Parathyroid Function

• see handout
• Serum Calcium
• Urinary Calcium
• Calcium Deprivation test
• Serum phosphorus
• Serum alkaline phosphatase
• Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
• most specific test for hyperparathyroidism

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Medications for Hypercalcemia

• see chart
• Loop diuretic
• Plicamycin
• Etidronate disodium
• Calcitonin

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Basajel

• drug lowers serum phosphate by binding with
  dietary phosphate which is then excreted in the
  feces.

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Critical Monitoring of Hyperparathyroidism and
Hypoparathyroidism

• See chart