Visual Impairments Hearing Loss

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Visual ImpairmentsHearing Loss

• EDSP 301
• Chapter 8

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Visual Impairments-Quiz

• All blind people are completely void of vision
  and only see darkness.
• Glasses will always help vision.
• Blind people have better hearing and sense of
  touch.
• We should avoid words like look or see when
  speaking to a blind person.
• We should speak loudly so a blind person can
  understand us.

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Facts About Blindness

• Only 20 of legally blind people are totally
  blind. Most have some vision and varies from
  person to person as to how much and what type of
  loss.
• Some people are aided by glasses, but there are
  many for whom correction is not possible and
  glasses are only a partial aid.
• People with visual impairments have the same
  sensory capabilities as normal sited individuals
  they merely learn to make better use of their
  senses.
• These words are a part of the blind persons
  vocabulary as of the world at large. Visually
  impaired people simply adapt the meanings to
  their own use.
• Dont shout! The disability is with the eyes not
  the ears. Clear, normal toned speech as used
  with any person is appropriate.

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The Eye
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Definition of Visual Impairments

• Legal Blindness Visual acuity of 20/200 with
  best correction in the best eye or a visual field
  loss of 20 degrees or less.
• Total Blindness Unable to see anything,
  including objects or light sources.
• Partial Sight Visual acuity of 20/70 to 20/200.

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Types of Visual Impairments

• Low Vision With corrective lenses continue to
  have difficulty accomplishing visual tasks.
• Functional Vision The way a person uses vision
  and amount of vision a person has.

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Characteristics of Students with Visual
Impairments

• Concept Development Function of direct
  experience
• Communication Delayed pronouns echolalia
• Motor Skills Delays in fine and gross motor
  development
• Self-help Function of responsibilities and
  guidance
• Social Skills Unaware of nonverbal cues

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Indicators of Visual Impairments-1

• Red-rimmed, swollen, or encrusted eyes
• Excessive blinking
• Itchy eyes
• Eyes turned inward, outward, upward or downward
• Extreme sensitivity to light
• Tilting or turning the head
• Squinting or closing one eye to see object

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Indicators of Visual Impairments-2

• Covering one eye to view an object
• Thrusting the head forward to view an object
• Headaches, fatigue, or dizziness after doing
  close work
• Tripping, bumping into objects, or appearing
  disoriented
• Recurring sties (swelling of gland of eyelid)

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Instructional Guidelines

• Using Braille and Braille Devices
• Technology
• Using Optical, Non-optical, and Instructional
  Aids
• Providing Access to the Visual Environment
  (Project PAVE)

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Definition of a Hearing Loss

• Conductive Outer and middle ears do not
  transfer enough acoustic energy to the inner ear
  fluids. Helped with medicine or surgery.
• Sensorineural Damage to the cochlea (inner ear)
  or the auditory nerve. Usually permanent and
  fitted with amplification.

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Indicators of Hearing Loss

• Daydreaming
• Inattention
• Behavior problems and frustration
• Lethargy
• Failure to follow simple commands
• Articulation errors
• Inappropriate responses to questions
• Unusual voice quality

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Hearing Loss

• Normal Hearing 0-15 dB
• Minimal 16-25 dB
• Mild 25-40 dB
• Moderate 40-65 dB
• Severe 65-90 dB
• Profound gt90dB

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Accommodations

• Amplification
• Interpreters and Note takers
• Preferential seating
• Minimize noise
• Use visual clues and demonstrations
• Maximize visual medial
• Monitor students understanding
• Promote cooperation and collaboration

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Hearing Loss

• Hard of Hearing Mild to moderate loss
• Deaf Severe or profound loss
• Residual Hearing Develop communication and
  learning skills
• American Sign Language (ASL) Primary
  communication of students who are deaf
• Finger Spelling Representing English alphabet
  manually