Situation of Children with Hearing Impairments in Ethiopia

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Situation of Children with Hearing
Impairments in Ethiopia
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Presentation Layout

• Understanding hearing impairment
• Prevalence and etiological conditions in
  Ethiopia
• Developmental effects of hearing impairment
• Educational situation of children with hearing
  impairment
• Early Identification and Intervention practices
• Inclusive Education The Way of the Future

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1. Understanding Hearing Impairment

• Hearing Impairment
• The Deaf
• The Hard of Hearing
• Educational medical definitions

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HI its possible impacts (Varna,1993)
DEGREE OF HEARING LOSS DECIBELS (DB hl) POSSIBLE EFFECTS ON SPEECH AND LANGUAGE POSSIBLE EFFECTS ON ADJUSTMENT AND BEHAVIOUR
None 0 - -
Mild 20- 40 Slight difficulties May show slight deficit
Moderate 41 - 70 Difficulties in speech receptivity May show behavioral difficulties
Severe 71 - 95 Difficulties in speaking omissions in spoken language. Social problems as well as educational difficulties
Profound 95 Have marked difficulties in understanding speech and speech may be unintelligible. Educational limitations, behavior and social skills may be immature


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2. Prevalence of Hearing Impairment in Ethiopia

• Incidence and prevalence of hearing impairment in
  Ethiopia

Onset of Hearing Impairment Onset of Hearing Impairment Onset of Hearing Impairment Onset of Hearing Impairment Onset of Hearing Impairment Onset of Hearing Impairment
Age 3-5 6-9 10-12 13-15 15-25
Per cent 32 16 8 16 16
Prevalence 15
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3. Ethological Conditions of Hearing
Impairment

• 3.1 Disabling factors and types of Hearing
  Impairment
• Causes of Hearing Impairment
• Congenital conditions
• Acquired conditions
• Unknown
• 3.2 Site of Hearing Impairment
• Outer ear
• Middle ear
• Inner ear

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3.3 Causes of HI Ethiopia
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3. 4. Developmental Profile of
Children with Hearing Impairments

• 4.1 Language Development
• (Deaf Hard of Hearing )
• a) Communication Methods
• Oral Communication
• Manual Communication
• Total Communication
• b) Sign Language

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4.2 Cognitive and Learning Characteristics

• Impact of lack of Interaction
• Psychosocial situation
• (cognitive, emotional behavioral factors)
  
• Learning Characteristics
• The Deaf
• Pre-lingually Deaf
• Post-lingually Deaf
• The Hard of Hearing

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4.3 Socio-emotional development

• a) Family social environment
• Children from deaf parents
• Children from hearing parents
• b) Onset of hearing impairment
• Pre-lingually Deaf
• Post-lingually Deaf
• C) Hard of Hearing Children

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4.3 Psychomotor conditions

• Gross motor skills
• Balance and Equilibrium

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5. Educational Status of Children with
Hearing Impairments (Tigray, special school
for the deaf)
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Ethiopian School System
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Ethiopian School System Cont
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Enrollment of Children with Special Needs
Education in Primary schools (grades 1-8)
(MoE,2011)
Disability Male Female Total
Visual 4039 2977 7016
Motor 7361 5992 12653
Hearing 2242 1729 3971
Intellectual 35783 26068 61851
Other 6335 4563 10898
Total 55760 40629 96389
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Education of Children with Disabilities in
Ethiopia Challenges
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7. Early Intervention and inclusive practices

• Early Intervention
• Traditional practices
• Home-based services
• Early childhood education
• Inclusive Practices
• Discussions and debates
• Challenges of IE

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QUESTIONS TO PONDER

• 1. How do people understand and communicate with
  a deaf person in your community ?
• 2. Compare contrast the learning
  characteristics of a deaf child and a hard of
  hearing child?

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QUESTIONS TO PONDER

• 3. What are the developmental implications of
  being pre-lingually and post-lingually deaf ?
• 4. Discuss the development implications of a
  child brought up in a deaf and hearing family ?
• 5. What is your opinion about the deaf culture
  the education of the deaf in an inclusive setting
  ?

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Thank You !!

• The child needs an adult to convey, interpret,
  analyze and understand his/her world
• open the appetite
• World
• Adult Child