FAMILY AND DELINQUENCY

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CHAPTER SEVEN

• FAMILY AND DELINQUENCY

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Changes in the Family

• ¾ of mothers work
• 68 live in two parent homes
• Children that experience separation or divorce
• 40 of white children
• 75 of African American children

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Families

• Purpose of families
• Types of families
• Nuclear
• Extended
• Single-parent
• Gay/lesbian

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Families and Delinquency

• Family disruption has long lasting effect
• Types
• Family breakup
• Family conflict
• Family neglect
• Family deviance

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Family Breakup

• Evidence of connection between broken home and
  deviance
• Divorce rates
• Effects of divorce
• More arrests or more delinquency?
• Growing up without a father

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Family Conflict

• How the child perceives the parents marriage
• Impact of conflict on parenting
• Which is worse conflict or breakup?

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Family Neglect

• Structure
• Communication
• Inconsistent discipline
• Supervision
• Family size

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Family Deviance

• Deviant parents
• Chronic offenders
• The bully factor
• Parent child relationship
• Deviant siblings
• Contagion effect
• Identical twins

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Pattersons Coercion Model

• Process
• Irritable parent
• Confrontation
• Parent gives in
• What does the child learn?
• Consequences for the child

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Baumrinds Typology of Parenting Styles

• Neglecting/rejecting parent
• Permissive parent
• Authoritarian parent
• Authoritative parent

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The Corporal Punishment Connection

• 90 of American parents spank
• Legislation in European countries
• Argument against corporal punishment
• Problems
• How measured
• Effect of other dimensions of parenting
• The reciprocal relationship

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Can Corporal Punishment Be Positive?

• The lesson learned
• Factors to consider
• Severity of punishment
• Age of child
• Quality of parent-child relationship
• Cultural context

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Corporal Punishment in School

• In loco parentis
• Ingraham v. Wright

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Child Abuse and Neglect

• Abuseany non-accidental physical, emotional or
  sexual trauma to a child
• Neglectnegligent treatment of a child by a
  parent or caretaker under circumstances which
  threatens harm to the childs health and welfare.
  
• History
• Several hundred years BC
• Middle Ages
• Mary Ellen Wilson

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Types and Extent of Abuse

• Types
• Physical abuse
• Emotional abuse
• Sexual abuse
• Neglect
• Extent
• Physical abuse
• Sexual abuse

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Risk Factors for Abuse

• Parents with substance abuse problem
• Economic stress
• Lack of parenting skills
• Fragmented family

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Intergenerational Transmission

• 30 of parents who were abused, abuse own
  children
• Why does this happen?
• Its learned
• Part of a pattern of antisocial behavior
• Widoms study
• How to break the cycle

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Children Exposed to Violence

• 3.3 million children exposed to domestic violence
• Reactions

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Children Exposed to Violence

• Research by Edelson
• Children who had observed violence but not a
  victim of it
• Findings
• Legislative responses

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Laws on Reporting Child Abuse

• Mandated reporters
• People covered under NY law
• Privilege
• Emergency removal and treatment
• Immunity and penalties
• Important cases
• White v. Illinois
• Maryland v. Craig

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THE FAMILY AND DELINQUENCY

• END CHAPTER SEVEN