Zhou Dynasty

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Zhou Dynasty

• Zhou Dynasty 1027-256 BC
• Shang Dynasty ended with a slave revolt joined by
  Shang vassals. The Zhou took over the Shang
  capital at Anyang.
• The last Shang king used the skulls of his
  vanquished enemies as drinking cups.
• King Wen and his son King Wu finally defeat the
  Shang.

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Zhou Dynasty

• Zhou Dynasty 1027-256 BC

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Zhou Dynasty

• Zhou Dynasty 1027-256 BC
• Government
• The Zhou rule by the Mandate of Heaven which
  means they had the right to overthrown a bad
  ruler. Their capital was at Chou-tsung
  (Tsung-chou) in the Wei river valley.

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Zhou Dynasty

• Zhou Dynasty 1027-256 BC
• Territory
• The Zhous area of influence was from the Wei
  River Valley to the China Sea north to Manchuria
  and south to the Yangtze river.

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Zhou Dynasty

• Zhou Dynasty 1027-256 BC
• Occupations
• Land was cultivated under ownership of hereditary
  lords. The Well Field System focused on the
  center plot of land since it was owned by the
  lord. Work was done on the outer plots after the
  center plot was done.

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Zhou Dynasty

• Zhou Dynasty 1027-256 BC
• Philosophy
• The Five Classics
• The Book of Songs
• (Shih Ching)
• Consisted of 300 songs or poems

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Zhou Dynasty

• Zhou Dynasty 1027-256 BC
• Philosophy
• The Five Classics
• The Book of Changes
• (I Ching)
• Composed at different periods, it had three line
  trigrams of complete or broken lines purporting
  to read the future.

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Zhou Dynasty

• Zhou Dynasty 1027-256 BC
• Philosophy
• The Five Classics
• Book of Rituals
• (I-Chi)

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Zhou Dynasty

• Zhou Dynasty 1027-256 BC
• Philosophy
• The Five Classics
• Historical Documents
• (Shu Ching)
• Documented Shang and Zhou Dynasty

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Zhou Dynasty

• Zhou Dynasty 1027-256 BC
• Philosophy
• The Five Classics
• Spring and Autumn Annals
• (Chun Chiu)
• Record of major events in Lu, the home state of
  Confucius from 722-481 BC.

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Zhou Dynasty

• Zhou Dynasty 1027-256 BC
• Technology
• Iron tipped plow blades, spades, axes and
  crossbow with a trigger mechanism

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Zhou Dynasty

• Zhou Dynasty 1027-256 BC
• Video
• http//archive.artsmia.org/art-of-asia/history/dyn
  asty-chou.cfm

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Zhou Dynasty

• Zhou Dynasty 1027-256 BC
• Warring States Period
• 1050-770 Western Zhou
• 770-256 Eastern Zhou

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Confucianism

• Confucius (551-479 B.C.)
• Kung Fu-tze
• What is it?
• The belief that people can be molded and elevated
  by education and by the virtuous example of
  others.
• It is a set of ethical rules, a moral philosophy.

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Confucianism

• Beliefs
• --placing stress on order
• --people are born good and inclined to virtue
• --filial piety-respect for parents
• --Li (Chinese unit of distance) ritual rites
• Main Axiom
• Do not unto others what you do not want them to
  do to you
• The AnalectsConfuciuss main body of work put
  together by his disciples

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Confucianism

• Followers of Confucius
• Meng-tzu (Mencius) (c.372-c.289 BC)
• --lived during the Warring States Period
• --focused on goodness, human-heartedness,
  compassion and responsibility for the welfare of
  others.

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Confucianism

• Hsun-tzu (Xun-Zi) (c. 300-237 BC)
• --Human nature is not good, human emotions and
  desires lead to conflict.

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Confucianism

• Mo-tzu (Mo Zi)
• --Rival to Confucius
• --He denounces war and promotes what he calls
  universal love
• --He believed that if everyone would love others
  as much as he loves himself, the interests of
  society would be served.
• --He was utilitarian and believed that emotions ,
  art, music, funerals and ceremonies were
  wasteful.

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Confucianism

• Confucianism
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vAYQ1hcpUedU

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Taoism

• --The Tao (Dao) The Way
• Basic Axiomsilence, inaction
• --They urged the acceptance of things as they are
• --Based on the idea of dualism

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Taoism

• YIN
• Soft
• Gentle
• Intuitive
• Female
• Taoist

• Yang
• Strong
• Assertive
• Intellectual
• Male
• Confucianist

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TaoismYin Yang Circle
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Taoism

• Tao te Ching (Classic of the Way)
• Written by Lao tzu (The Old One)
• Those who understand dont talk those who talk
  dont understand.

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Chin (Qin) Dynasty

• 221 B.C.-------206 B.C.

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Chin Dynasty
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Chin Dynasty

• Facts
• --Smallest and most remote of the Zhou
  dependencies
• --They valued frugality, hard work and discipline
• --Virtually no art, culture, music, literature or
  theater. Book learning was condemned.

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Chin Dynasty

• Government
• Legalistsinfluenced by Hsun-tzus view of
• human nature and Mo-tzus utilitarianism.
• Han Fei-tzuchief essayist of legalism. He
• stressed the need for severe laws and harsh
• punishments as the only way to establish order.

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Chin Dynasty

• Shi Huang Tihe built a new capital at Hsian
• Yang in the Wei River Valley.
• Policies
• Primogeniture(eldest son inherits property
• and status) was
  abolished.
• Slaveryabolished except for domestic servants
• Lawsapplied to all even aristocrats

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Chin Dynasty

• Works Projects
• --Imperial System of roads and canals
• --His own tomb
• --The Great Wall

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Chin Dynasty

• Chin Dynasty
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vr4ikRlTAox0

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Chin Dynasty

• Chin Authoritarianism
• Burning of books
• Highly developed police system
• Travel restricted

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Chin Dynasty

• Chin Dynasty Video
• http//www.artsmia.org/art-of-asia/history/dynasty
  -chin.cfm

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Han Dynasty

• 202 B.C.-------220 A.D.

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Han Dynasty
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Han Dynasty

• Liu Bang founded the Han
• in 202, he was from
• peasant origins.
• Han Kao-tsu (High
• Progenitor)
• First Emperor

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Liu Bang

• Abolished
• Restrictions on travel
• Controls on Education
• High Taxes

• Retained
• Conscription in the Army
• Forced Labor for works projects

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Han Dynasty

• Han Wu Ti ruled from 141-87 B.C.
• Government
• Ever-Normal Granary System
• Prevented famine by collecting grain in good
  years for sale at controlled prices during lean
  years

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Han Dynasty

• Government
• Confucianism the State philosophy.
• Why?

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Government

• Imperial Exams
• Had to learn the Five Classics
• They helped to lessen corruption, mediocrity and
  ineffectiveness.

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Trade and Commerce

• Silk Road
• Silk was the main export from China and
• was in demand in the West.
• Chang Chien was captured by a Turkish
• cavalry group for ten years. He returned
• in 126 B.C. with grapevine cuttings, alfalfa
• seeds and news of Rome.

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Trade and Commerce
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Video Break

• Han Dynasty
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vFkaxdGRgQgA

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Trade and Commerce

• Parthians the middle men of the Silk Road.
• They feared direct contact between China
• and Rome.
• The Han had met the Parthians in 97 A.D.
• and told them to turn back.

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Han Dynasty

• Achievements
• Paperappeared at the end of the first century
• B.C.
• Porcelainglazed, nonporous ware, aka
• China.
• Wheelbarrowwheel centered in the middle

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Achievements

• Ssu-ma Chien (Simaqien)
• Chinas grand historian, he replaced many
• of the historical records destroyed by the
• Chin.

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Han SculptureDrum Jar
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Han Sculpture

• Han Dynasty Video
• http//www.artsmia.org/art-of-asia/history/dynasty
  -han.cfm

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Han Dynasty

• Decline and Collapse
• Emperors of the last century were weak
• --High taxation
• --Large land owners taxed less
• --Peasants fled to the south
• --Barbarians

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The Six Dynasties(220-589)

• Period of the Three Kingdoms
• (220-290)
• Shu, Wei and the Wu

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Sui Dynasty
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Sui Dynasty (581-618)

• Sui Wen Ti founded the Sui
• Yang Ti (604-618) builds canal from
• Hangzhou in the south to Kaifeng in the
• North.
• He rebuilds the Great Wall

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Achievements

• Gunpowder
• Coal as a fuel source
• Magnetized needle for north

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Tang Dynasty(618-907)

• Li shih-minfounder of the Tang, Chinese
• and Barbarian blood.
• He takes the title of Tai Tsung (Tai zong)
• which means Great Ancestor.

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Tang Dynasty
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Government

• Maintained the Civil Service Exam.
• Government officials were known as
• Mandarians.
• Rule of Avoidance
• Board of Censors

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Government

• Public Works
• Rebuilt the roads of the Chin and the
• Han. They included post stations along
• the road every ten miles to rest or
• change horses.

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Tang Achievements

• Tang Dynasty Video
• http//www.artsmia.org/art-of-asia/history/dynasty
  -tang.cfm

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Government

• Military
• The Tang army was led by
• aristocratic families. Horses were a
• prized possession. Many mounted
• warriors had crossbows, lances and
• swords.

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Tang Art
Earthenware with polychrome glaze 725 AD. Glaze
is a fine cobalt blue
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Tang Art
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Tang Decline and Collapse

• --Peasants and small land owners paid the most in
  taxes
• --Imperial Land Grants resulted in land not being
  taxed
• --Corvee Labor no longer enforced, which was
  required of all fit males
• --Mercenaries cost money troops developed loyalty
  to regional commanders

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