Ancient

1
Ancient China India
2
Zhou Dynasty Overthrown

• In 256 B.C.E. the Zhou Dynasty was overthrown.

3
The Qin Dynasty

• By 221 B.C.E. a man by the name of Qin had
  overthrew the Zhou Dynasty, and all other
  opposition,
• He placed himself as the ruler of China.

4
China from Qin

• The Qin Dynasty only lasted about 11 years.
• The Qin dynasty made changes that effected the
  history of China for thousands of years.
• So influential was Qin, that the name of the
  nation, China, comes from his name.

5
Qin Shi Huangdi

• Qin named himself Qin Shi Huangdi, which means
  Qin, the first emperor of China.

6
Centralization of Authority

• Qin Shi Huangdi reorganized China.
• Established a strict set of written laws.
• Setup military control in each region of
  China.
• Qin wanted everything to be under his direct
  authority and control.

7
Qin Building Projects

• Qin forced the peasants, to build roads, bridges,
  canals, buildings, and the Great Wall of China.
• Qin ordered the connection of existing walls and
  expanded them, to a distance of over 4000 miles.
• Over 300,000 peasants were forced to build the
  Great Wall. Many died during the construction.
•        

8
The Han Dynasty

• In 207 B.C. a new dynasty came to power.
• Led by a peasant whose named Liu Bang.
• Liu Bang proclaimed that the Qin had lost the
  mandate of heaven, or the right to rule the
  nation.
• He established himself as the first emperor of
  the Han Dynasty.
• The Han Dynasty ruled China for the next 400
  years.

Peace thru war and plunder.
9
Four Hundred Year Rule

• The Han made China one of the wealthiest and most
  powerful nations on Earth.
• Their achievements would only be surpassed by the
  Roman Empire.
• China was isolated from much of the rest of the
  world.

10
Chinese Exploration

• In 139 B.C.E., emperor Wudi sent general Zhang
  Qian, to explore other nations.
• This general and his army visited other
  civilizations and nomadic tribes.
• The armies of Zhang Qian were attacked and
  destroyed by the nomadic tribes many of Zhang
  Qian's men.
• Zhang Qian himself was held prisoner for 10
  years.
• Qian returned with stories of a great
  civilization to the West that equaled China.
• This was the first time Wudi had heard anything
  of any other civilizations.
• Wudi saw the potential for trade between the two
  cultures.

11
The Silk Road

• Emperor Wudi began to develop the silk road.
• Merchant traders took silk from China to the
  West, and brought glass, linen, and gold back to
  China.
• The silk road stretched across nearly 5000 miles
  of land and water.

12
Pax Sinica

• During the Han Dynasty, China enjoyed a 400 year
  period of peace and prosperity.
• Han emperors established
• strong central government.
• Improved storage of food.
• written exams for government positions.

13
Chinese Dynasties and Their Achievements Chinese Dynasties and Their Achievements Chinese Dynasties and Their Achievements
Dynasties Notable Rulers Achievements
Xia Dynasty 2100-1800 B.C.E. Aryans Migrated into the area and conquered the local peoples Developed superior weaponry and technology
Shang Dynasty 1500-1100 B.C.E. Thirty separate kings Ruled from a succession of seven different capitals. Invention of writing
Zhou Dynasty 1122-256 B.C.E. Kings Noblemen Expansion Regional rulers
Qin Dynasty221-206 B.C.E. Qin Centralization of authority Written laws Building projects (Great Wall of China)
Han Dynasty 207B.C.E.220 C.E. Han Wudi 400 year rule Exploration (Zhang Qian) Expansion of trade Silk Road Pax Sinica Food reserves Merit-based appointments
14
Chinese Philosophies/Religions Chinese Philosophies/Religions Chinese Philosophies/Religions
Philosophy/Religion Founders Characteristics
Confucianism Confucius (Kongzi) Peace and order Respect for elders Ethical human relationships
Daoism Laozi Reject material things Commune with nature Become one with Dao (force within all things)
Buddhism Budda Four Noble Truths Eightfold path Nirvana Harmony with the universe
15
The Mauryan and Gupta empires321 B.C.E.-550 C.E.
16
Chandragupta Maurya

• Founder of Maurya Empire - 1st unified Indian
  empire
• Unified northern India.
• Divided his empire into provinces, then districts
  for tax assessments and law enforcement.
• He feared assassination ? food tasters, slept in
  different rooms, etc.
• 301 BCE ? gave up his throne became a Jain.

17
Ashoka (304 232 BCE)

• Grandson of Chandragupta
• Represents high point of Mauryan Empire, 268-232
  BCE
• Expanded empire to include all of Indian
  subcontinent except for south
• Positive leadership integrated Indian society
• Religious conversion after the battle of Kalinga
  in 262 BCE.
• Dedicated his life to Buddhism.
• Built extensive roads.
• Conflict ? how to balance methods of keeping
  power and Buddhism
• Wrote law code on rocks or pillars (Stupas)
• Buddhist principles dominate his laws.

18
Decline of the Mauryan Empire

• Economic crisis follows death of Ashoka
• Regions begin to abandon Mauryan Empire
• Disappears by 185 BCE

19
The Gupta Empire

• Founded by Chandra Gupta, c. 320 CE
• Highly decentralized leadership
• Foundations for studies in natural sciences and
  mathematics
• Great Rulers
• Chandra Gupta I - Great King of Kings r. 320
  335 CE
• Chandra Gupta II r. 375 - 415 CE
• Profitable trade with the Mediterranean world!
• Hindu revival.
• Huns invade 450 CE

20
Gupta Achievements
1000 diseasesclassified
500 healingplants identified
Printedmedicinal guides
Kalidasa
Literature
PlasticSurgery
Medicine
GuptaIndia
Inoculations
SolarCalendar
C-sectionsperformed
Astronomy
Mathematics
DecimalSystem
The earthis round
PI 3.1416
Conceptof Zero
21
Gupta Decline

• Frequent invasions of White Huns, 5th c. CE
• Gupta Dynasty disintegrates along regional fault
  lines
• Smaller local kingdoms dominate until Mughal
  Empire founded in 16th c.

22
The Caste System

• Caste system from Aryan times
• Brahmins (priests)
• Kshatriyas (warriors, aristocrats)
• Vaishyas (Peasants, merchants)
• Shudras (serfs)
• Untouchables