P L A G U E

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FACT of the Day 5 54-76
P L A G U E
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The Black PLAGUE spread primarily from coastal
areas to inland ones.
Most likely carried on board ships by sailors and
rats
and fleas.
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55
IRISH POTATO FAMINE

• Throughout the Famine years, nearly a million
  Irish arrived in the United States. Famine
  immigrants were the first big wave of poor
  refugees ever to arrive in the U.S. and Americans
  were simply overwhelmed.
• Upon arrival in America, the Irish found the
  going to be quite tough. With no one to help
  them, they immediately settled into the lowest
  rung of society and waged a daily battle for
  survival.
• The roughest welcome of all would be in
  Boston, Massachusetts, an Anglo-Saxon city with a
  population of about 115,000. It was a place run
  by descendants of English Puritans, men who could
  proudly recite their lineage back to 1620 and the
  Mayflower ship. Now, some two hundred thirty
  years later, their city was undergoing nothing
  short of an unwanted "social revolution" as
  described by Ephraim Peabody, member of an old
  Yankee family. In 1847, the first big year of
  Famine emigration, the city was swamped with
  37,000 Irish Catholics arriving by sea and land.

(No infrastructure-tenement housing/no sanitation)
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IRISH POTATO FAMINE
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Struck Ireland btwn 1847 and 1854 and was the
catalyst for a large wave of IRISH emigration to
the USA. Btwn 1820 1854, overpopulation and
poor harvests made the Irish the largest group
immigrating to the USA nearly every year. By
1900, the USA had more Irish people than Ireland
did.
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CHARACTERISTICS of a DEVELOPING NATION
Few Services of Manufacturing Business
SUBSISTENCE farming - crops produced for
personal needs rather than for sale Widespread
POVERTY, LOW standard of LIVING
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Brook Farm
Established in Massachusetts, in 1841, was one of
several UTOPIAN religious communities founded to
counter the growing commercialism of American
society. Brook farm was home to the
TRANSCENDENTALISTS, a group of writers and
intellectuals that included Nathaniel Hawthorne,
Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau.
Similar UTOPIAN groups included New Yorks
ONEIDA community and the SHAKERS who practiced
CELIBACY and granted near-equal rights to women.
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5
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PUSH/PULL Factors-IMMIGRATION
PUSH - unemployment, crime,
political instability, etc
PULL - employment, improved quality
of life, improved educational
opportunites, safelty health, etc.
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SPANISH - AMERICAN WAR
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USS MAINE SINKS USA acquires PUERTO RICO
Guam Fighting takes place in CUBA 1898
America wins in 3 month battle SPain is no
longer a force in the World
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P A N A M A C A N A L
Built between 1901 - 1914
Connects the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic
Ocean Short- cut through Narrowest portion of
Central America 5000 lives lost during
construction - Disease Yellow Fever, Malaria
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61
SCOPES TRIAL
The Fundamentalists rejected DARWINS THEORY of
EVOLUTION, which suggested that humans developed
from lower forms of life over millions of years.
Instead, Fundamentalists believed in CREATIONISM
that GOD created the world as described in the
BIBLE. Fundamentalists believed everything could
be explained by the Bible They disagreed with the
theory of evolution!!! In 1925, Tennessee passed
the BUTLER ACT, which made it illegal to teach
anything that denied CREATIONISM and taught
EVOLUTION instead. John T. Scopes, a biology
teacher was asked to test the Butler Act by
teaching evolution in class.
Science VS. Religion
creation-evolution controversy
Also known as the MONKEY TRIAL.
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LEAGUE OF NATIONS
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The League of Nations was first proposed by
Woodrow Wilson in 1918. When World War 1 ended on
November 11, 1918, the League of Nations was
created as an organization for nations to work
together. The purpose of the league was to
promote peace between the countries involved. The
theme for Point 10 of the League of Nations was
All for one and one for all. This meant that if
one country were to enter or be drawn into war,
the other countries would have to provide
assistance. The United States rejected the
League of Nations because it might suck the
United States into all kinds of wars and give
Britain more political edge. The League of
Nations was the stepping stone for what is now
known as the United Nations.
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League of Nations
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Following the USA victory in WW I, President
Woodrow Wilson wanted to create an organization
dedicated to establishing WORLD PEACE.
Such an organization would provide a forum for
addressing international problems.
Many Americans opposed U.S. membership in
the League of Nations out of concern that it
would --
Lead to U.S. involvement in international
conflicts without congressional approval
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63
PALMER RAIDS
In the Palmer Raids of 1919 1920, the
government raided pool halls, social clubs, union
halls, and residences in search of radicals,
particularly immigrants who were suspected of
having divided loyalties, (communists). The
raids were part of a broader U.S. government
attempt to crack down on dissent during and
immediately after WW I.
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64
Buying StocK on MargiN
Buying on Margin (credit) contributed to the 1929
stock market crash. Stock traders had been
allowed to buy stocks using income they thought
they would EARN down the road (later).
Traders were paying only 10 to 20 percent of
the stock and borrowing the rest against FUTURE
PROFITS. Many of these speculators were banks
and businesses when the market crashed, those
banks and businesses had few options but to fold
(go out of business). BUYING ON MARGIN was
outlawed soon after the Stock Market CRASH.
Bull
BEAR vs BULL MKT
Bear
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65
Great Depression
Causes Buying Stock on Margin High tariffs
(taxes) on imported goods Decline in Agricultural
(farming) Prices Overproduction of industrial
goods Bank Failures
(ran out of money)
The economy collapsed, and millions of people
became unemployed.
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D U S T B O W L
Drought Erosion in the Midwest (Great
Plains), combined with farming crisis during
the GREAT DEPRESSION creates the Dust Bowl.
Farmers leave their farms on the Great Plains,
migrate
(FARMING CRISIS POOR AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES)
to California.
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NEW D E A L
To COMBAT the effects of the GREAT DEPRESSION FDR
Congress initated the following
Federal Control of Banks Federal Oversight for
Stocks Bonds Personal Security Job
Creation Social Security Administration
In order to end the Great Depression and restore
a sound economy the
POWER of the FEDERAL GOVERNMENT increased.
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SOCIAL SECURITY PROGRAM
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Part of the NEW DEAL, to combat the GREAT
DEPRESSION NEW DEAL programs Still affects
AMERICANS today Number of people eligible for
Social Security is increasing because we are
living
tried to end the Depression restore American
economy
longer because of better Health Care
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69
Internment of Japanese AMERICANS
In 1942, Franklin D. Roosevelt approved Executive
Order 9066 calling for a policy that lasted until
the end of the war. Claiming that
Japanese-Americans might serve as enemy agents
within the USA, the government sent more than
111,000 to internment camps. Although no one was
charged with crimes, many lost their homes and
possessions.
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69
Japanese INTERNMENT CAMPS
FDR authorized the EVACUATION of all Japanese
from the West Coast into relocation centers The
government INTERNED (imprisoned) around 120,000
Japan-AMERICANS, 2/3s of them. NATIVE-BORN USA
citizens. (born in America) Move came under
public fear of Japanese sabotage following Pearl
Harbor, and in some part, due to racial
discrimination In 1988, Congress voted to pay
COMPENSATION to each surviving internees .
.violation of their Civil Rights under the US
Constitution
(JAILS)
1942
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TRACT HOUSING
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Soldiers come back from WW II BABY BOOM, more
housing is required BIG Population Growth
SUBURBS develop outside of cities Houses look
alike
LEVITTOWN was the FIRST
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71
Indian Reorganization Act
REVERSED DAWES SEVERALTY ACT Attempted to
restore the tribal basis of Native American
life Tribal life was to recognized as "normal"
1934
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SPUTNIK I
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Launched by the SOVIET UNION/RUSSIA in 1957
Worlds FIRST SATELLITE in SPACE Embarrased the
USA - Big push for more SCIENCE MATH
education in High School NASA was started
COLD WAR
America first to the MOON in 1969.
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CIVIL RIGHTS ACT of 1964
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PROHIBITED Discrimination/Segregation in
PUBLIC FACILITIES. (Federal, State, City
jobs...like schools) Could not be denied a job
based on SEX\RELIGION\RACE Schools were ordered
INTEGRATED
LEGAL Consequences for job-related
discrimination Signed by President Lyndon B.
Johnson - From TEXAS
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Civil Rights ACT of 1964
73
Passed by Lyndon Johnson, who followed Kennedys
political agenda after he was assassinated in
November 1963 The March on Washington in 1963
aided passage of the Act The Act strengthened
voting rights protection Prohibited
discrimination in places of public accommodations
(stores, restaurants, hotels, libraries, swimming
pools, movie theaters, schools), etc. Required
the federal government to withdraw support
(money) from any state or program that
discriminated..so schools were fully
integrated Established the Equal Employment
Commission to watch hiring practices
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MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT
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The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a political and
social protest campaign started in 1955. Oppose
the city's policy of racial segregation on its
public transit system. (buses) Lasted one year
Led by MLK Jr. Rosa Parks. Supreme Court ruled
segregated buses unconstitutional.
Did not ride the buses for one YEAR 1955-1956
OBTAIN rights for African - Americans
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75
Counterculture
Members of the 1960s called Hippies, rebelled
against the establishment. Hippies grew their
hair long, took drugs, and advocated free love.
They opposed racism and the Vietnam War. In
short, they lived lives in opposition to what
they considered an oppressive mainstream culture.
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Executive Order 9881
Issued by President Harry S Truman. It ordered
desegregation of the ARMED FORCES. This is after
WORLD WAR II and before the KOREAN WAR.