Passive Optical Networks PON

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Passive Optical Networks(PON)

• Submitted to
• Serpil TIN
• Submitted by
• Baris Zeki ÜREGÜL
• Yekta ANIK
• Orçun TUNA

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PON uses Fiber Optic cables (Optical Fiber)
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What is a Fiber Optic Cable?

• An optical fiber (or fibre) is a glass or plastic
  fiber designed to guide light along its length

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Advantages of using Optical Fibers in data
transfer

• Optical Fibers permits transmission over longer
  distances and at higher data rates (bandwidth)
  than other forms of communications.
• Optical Fibers are less susceptible to outside
  interference like electrical noise.
• Light can travel from one computer to another
  over a single fiber.
• Optical Fibers are thinner and lighter compared
  to other cables.
• Cost beneficial over the long run

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Disadvantages of using Optical Fibers in data
transfer

• Installing an Optical Fiber requires special
  equipment
• If a fiber breaks inside the plastic jacket
  finding the location of the problem is difficult
• Repairing a broken Fiber is difficult

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What is Optical Network?

• Optical networks are high-capacity
  telecommunications networks based on optical
  technologies and components that provide routing,
  grooming, and restoration at the wavelength level
  as well as wavelength-based services
• It uses Optical Fibers for data transmission

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Advantages of Optical Networks

• Can be used for long distances
• Easy to install and has long-term financial
  benefits
• Lasts for a long time
• Has a high bandwith

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What is Passive Optical Network (PON)?

• Passive Optical Network is the leading technology
  being used in FTTx (like FTTH) deployments.
• It has a different topology from other network
  technologies, It uses a Point to Multi-Point
  (P2MP) topology.
• A single strand of fiber goes out to a passive
  optical splitter where its signal is multiplied
  to 32 different lines.
• Its up to the customers system to determine
  what packets are for that customer, all other
  packets are discarded.
• It has downstream data rates up to 2.5Gbps.

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PON
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Evolution of PON

• Early work on efficient fiber to the home
  architectures was done in the 1990s
• There are two generalizations of PON
• The older one ITU-T G.983 standard is based on
  asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), and has
  therefore been referred to as APON (ATM PON)

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Evolution of PON

• Gradual falling out of favor of ATM as a protocol
  led to the full, final version of ITU-T G.983
• Its referred to more often as broadband PON, or
  BPON.

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Evolution of PON

• A typical APON/BPON provides 622 megabits per
  second (Mbit/s) of downstream bandwidth and 155
  Mbit/s of upstream traffic
• The ITU-T G.984 (GPON) standard represents a
  boost in both the total bandwidth and bandwidth
  efficiency through the use of larger,
  variable-length packets
• GPON Encapsulation Method (GEM) allows very
  efficient packaging of user traffic, with frame
  segmentation to allow for higher Quality of
  Service (QoS) for delay-sensitive traffic such as
  voice and video communications.

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Evolution of PON

• The IEEE 802.3 Ethernet PON (EPON or GEPON)
  standard was completed in 2004
• EPON uses standard 802.3 Ethernet frames with
  symmetric 1 gigabit per second upstream and
  downstream rates
• PON is applicable for data-centric networks, as
  well as full-service voice, data and video
  networks. Recently, starting in early 2006, work
  began on a very high-speed 10 Gbit/s EPON (XEPON
  or 10-GEPON) standard

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Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)

• Its using one wavelength for downstream traffic
  and another for upstream traffic on a single
  Nonzero dispersion shifted fiber (ITU-T G.652)
• This allows us to transmit several different
  wavelengths simultaneously
• PON uses WDM

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WDM
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Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

• Its a cell relay, packet switching network and
  data link layer protocol which encodes data
  traffic into small fixed sized cells
• It divides 53, 48 bytes data and 5 bytes of
  header information

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Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

• ATM provides data link layer services that run
  over physical layer
• ATM is an connection oriented technology in which
  a logical connection is established between two
  end points before the actual data exchange begins

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FTTH,FTTN, FTTB, FTTC, FTTCab

• FTTH Fiber To The Homes
• FTTB Fiber To The Building
• FTTC Fiber To The Curb
• FTTCab Fiber To The Cabinet
• FTTM Fiber To The Node

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FTTx
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PONS componentsoptical line terminal (OLT)

• Central office node
• service provider endpoint of a PON and is placed
  at the central office or head end in systems
• An optical line terminal which sends and receives
  messages or data to/from optical network units
  (ONUs) connected

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PONS componentsoptical network units (ONUs)

• User nodes
• ONUs is provided in the subscriber neighborhood
  for terminating the optical fiber transmission
  line and for providing electrical signals over
  metallic lines to the subscribers.
• So ONUs receives data from OLT by PONS and
  converts the optical signal into electrical

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PON
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PONS componentsoptical distribution network
(ODN).

• fibers and splitters between OLT and ONUs

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Advantages of PON

• point-to-multipoint fiber-lean architecture
  Instead of running a separate strand of fiber
  from the CO to every customer. uses a single
  strand of fiber to serve up to 32 subscribers
• It uses Optical Fibers so that the bandwith is
  high, can reach longer distances
• Low cost of equipment per subscriber

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Advantages of PON

• Passive components require little maintenance and
  have a high MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure)
• Additional buildings can be added to the network
  easily and inexpensively
• Supports a broad range of applications including
  triple play (voice, data, video) over a single
  fiber and FTTB, FTTC, FTTM, FTTH

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Advantages of PON

• Offers a large amount of high speed bandwidth
  providing greater flexibility for adding future
  services
• Flexible and scalable bandwidth assignment
• Central Office (instead of multiple ports) There
  is only one optical port at the

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Standards for PON

• ITU-T G.983 standard
• ITU-T G.984 (GPON) standard
• IEEE 802.3 Ethernet PON (EPON or GEPON) standard
  
• ITU-T G.652 standard for WDM fibers

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Types of PON

• APON ATM PON (155M to 622M)
• BPON Broadband PON (155M to 1.25G)
• EPON or GE-PON Ethernet based PON (1.25G)
• GPON Gigabit PON (622M to 2.5G)

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APON

• Also known as ATM PON because its based on based
  on asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)
• Its the first Passive Optical Network
• It was used primarily for business applications
• It has ITU-T G.983 standard
• APON is a point-to-multipoint technology.
  Compared to point-to-point system, the
  point-to-multi-point system is comparatively
  cheap.

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Advantages of APON

• APON, the fiber system is less expensive than
  copper cable based systems in providing the same
  bandwidth. So carriers will be able to increase
  profit margins, reduce investment, and increase
  competitive capability, while users will reduce
  the service cost by sharing the resource of the
  fiber and bandwidth.
• Longer range for data transfer
• Immune electrical noise

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BPON

• Broadband PON
• is a standard based on APON
• It adds support for WDM, dynamic and higher
  upstream bandwidth allocation, and survivability
• It also created a standard management interface,
  called OMCI, between the OLT and ONU/ONT,
  enabling mixed-vendor networks

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Advantages of BPON

• Since data for content services and VoIP are
  transmitted with higher priority than Internet
  access (Web access), real-time live broadcasting
  can be viewed with high quality.
• Everyone can receive network services equally,
  without being disturbed by heavy users. However,
  it is also possible to give a higher priority to
  specific users

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EPON

• Ethernet based PON
• is an IEEE/EFM standard for using Ethernet for
  packet data
• EPON vendors are focusing initially on developing
  fiber-to-the-business (FTTB) and
  fiber-to-the-curb (FTTC) solutions, with the
  long-term objective of realizing a full-service
  fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) solution for delivering
  data, video, and voice over a single platform
• EPON offers higher bandwidth, lower costs, and
  broader service capabilities

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Advantages of EPON

• Higher bandwidth up to 1.25 Gbps symmetric
  Ethernet bandwidth
• Lower costs lower up-front capital equipment and
  ongoing operational costs
• More revenue broad range of flexible service
  offerings means higher revenues

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GPON

• Gigabit PON
• It is an evolution of the BPON standard
• It is a PON technology operating at bitrates of
  above 1 Gb/s
• It supports higher rates, enhanced security, and
  choice of Layer 2 protocol (ATM, GEM, Ethernet)

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Advantages of GPON

• To design a PON that operates at Gigabit and
  higher data rates
• To craft the physical layer specifications to
  suit these higher speeds
• To define the most bandwidth efficient protocol
  that reflects the data-centric trends in customer
  traffic

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Importance of PON

• By the help of PON the bandwith will be much more
  higher then copper line connection so we will
  have access to internet much more faster
• PON provides a faster connection to internet
  because of this large firms profits more because
  time is money

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Future development of PON

• The PON market in North America is just starting
  to emerge but in Japan, the PON market, thanks to
  government subsidies, is well establish and
  growing at a rate of 300 year to year
• By comparison DSL is growing 150 year to year in
  the U.S.
• Top companies like Verizon, SBC and Bell South
  have all announced some type of PON deployment
• Industry analysts expect an equally large take
  rate by North American consumes

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References

• http//www.iec.org/online/tutorials/epon/
• http//www.networkdictionary.com/telecom/PON.php
• http//www.optical-network.com/terminology.php?let
  terallid25
• http//66.102.9.104/search?qcacheu99F2o_8mrwJww
  w.tcil-india.com/new/new_site/white2520paper/FTTH
  2520revised2520prsntation.pptadvantagesofgpon
  hltrctclnkcd4gltr
• www.iec.org/online/tutorials/atm_pon/

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Question 1

• Can you tell us one difference between Passive
  Optical Network (PON) and Optical Network?

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Answer to question 1

• The main difference is PON uses a Point to
  Multi-Point (P2MP) topology and Optical Networks
  uses Point to Point (P2P) topology.
• In P2MP single strand of fiber goes out to a
  passive optical splitter where its signal is
  multiplied to 32 different lines.

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Question 2

• Can you tell us how PON works basically?

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Answer to question 2

• It starts with optical line terminal (OLT) the
  data is then transferred to optical distribution
  network (ODN) by the help of optical fibers then
  the data is transferred to optical network units
  (ONUs) then the ONUs converts the signal to
  electrical signals and sends it to the
  subscribers over metallic lines.

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Question 3

• What is the advantage of Wavelength Division
  Multiplexing (WDM) that PON uses?

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Answer to question 3

• Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) allows us
  to transmit several different wavelengths
  simultaniously