Leaving a Mark on the World

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Leaving a Mark on the World
Section 6-1

• Have you ever seen very old photographs of the
  town or city in which you now live? Has your area
  changed? Perhaps there are more buildings or
  roads than there were many years ago. Maybe your
  town or city has more trees and flowers now than
  it had years ago. Humans, like all organisms,
  have an effect on their environment.

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Interest Grabber continued
Section 6-1

• 1. Choose an animal other than a human and
  describe at least two ways in which it may change
  its environment.
• 2. What events might have led to the changes
  that occurred in your town or city?
• 3. What positive effect have humans had on their
  environment? What negative effect have humans had
  on their environment?

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Section Outline
Section 6-1

• 61 A Changing Landscape
• A. Earth as an Island
• B. Human Activities
• C. Hunting and Gathering
• D. Agriculture
• 1. From Traditional to Modern Agriculture
• 2. The Green Revolution
• 3. Challenges for the Future
• E. Industrial Growth and Urban Development

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Concept Map
Section 6-1
Human Activities
that have changed the biosphere include
may have once caused
often relies on the methods of the
have resulted in
which increased
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Where Do Natural Resources Come From?
Interest Grabber
Section 6-2

• Natural resources are materials that are supplied
  by nature. A renewable resource is one that is
  replaceable. A nonrenewable resource is one that
  cannot be replenished by natural processes. Once
  a nonrenewable resource is used up, it is gone
  forever.

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Interest Grabber continued
Section 6-2

• 1. Examine the list of natural resources shown
  below. Then, classify each natural resource as
  either renewable or nonrenewable.
• a. Woodb. Fossil fuelsc. Aluminumd.
  Woole. Gold
• 2. Describe the impact that the loss of
  nonrenewable resources would have on the
  environment.

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Video
Video
How Does Everything Fit?

• .

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Section Outline
Section 6-2

• 62 Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources.
• Classifying Resources.
• Renewable.
• Nonrenewable.
• B. Sustainable Development-using natural
  resources without depleting them.
• 1. Land Resources.
• a. soil erosion
• b. desertification

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Section Outline
Section 6-2

• 2. Forest Resources.
• a. deforestation
• 3. Fishery Resources.
• a. Overfishing.
• b. Sustainable Development.
• c. Aquaculture.

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Section Outline
Section 6-2

• 4. Air Resources.
• a. smog
• b. pollutants-harmful materials in the air,
  land or water.
• c. acid rain
• 5. Freshwater Resources.
• a. 75 of the Earth is covered with water.
• b. 3 is fresh water.
• c. .05 potable (drinkable)

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Growth of Fish Catch
Section 6-2
World Fish Catch
World Fish Catch per Person
Amount of Fish per Person (kilograms)
Total Catch (million tons)
Year
Year
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Figure 6-12 The Formation of Acid Rain
Section 6-2
Chemical Transformation Nitric acid Sulfuric acid
Condensation
Emissions to Atmosphere Nitrogen oxides Sulfur
dioxide
Dry Fallout
Precipitation Acid rain, fog, snow, and mist
particulates, gases
Industry
Transportation
Ore smelting
Power generation
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What Is Biodiversity?
Interest Grabber
Section 6-3

• Biodiversity is the sum total of the variety of
  organisms in the biosphere. Sometimes humans can
  reduce biodiversity, which is considered a
  natural resource.

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Interest Grabber continued
Section 6-3

• 1. List three ways in which other organisms have
  proved to be a benefit to humans.
• 2. Compare biodiversity with other natural
  resources, such as wood and fossil fuels. Do you
  think biodiversity is a renewable or a
  nonrenewable resource? Explain your answer.
• 3. What can be done to preserve the biodiversity
  of organisms?

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Section Outline
Section 6-3

• 63 Biodiversity
• A. The Value of Biodiversity
• B. Threats to Biodiversity
• 1.Habitat Alteration
• 2.Demand for Wildlife Products
• 3. Pollution
• 4. Introduced Species
• G. Conserving Biodiversity
• 1. Strategies for Conservation
• 2. Challenges in Conservation

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Species Diversity
Section 6-3
Insects
54.4
Protists
Other Animals
4.2
19.7
Plants
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Bacteria
Fungi
0.3
3.4
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Figure 6-16 Biological Magnification of DDT
Section 6-3
Magnification of DDT Concentration
Fish-Eating Birds
10,000,000
Large Fish
1,000,000
100,000
Small Fish
10,000
Zooplankton
1000
Producers
Water
1
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How Much Should It Cost?
Interest Grabber
Section 6-4

• You may have read that when something becomes
  hard to obtain, its price usually increases. Such
  is the case for materials like gold and diamonds,
  which are nonrenewable resources. Using similar
  thinking, some researchers believe that all the
  valuable services provided by a healthy ecosystem
  should be assigned a dollar value.

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Interest Grabber continued
Section 6-4

• Rank the following items in order of their
  importance to you. Then, next to each item, write
  down how much you would be willing to pay for it.
• 1. Fresh, clean drinking water
• 2. Clean air to breathe
• 3. An endangered plant containing a substance
  that can cure cancer
• 4. Gas for your family car

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Section Outline
Section 6-4

• 64 Charting a Course for the Future
• A. Ozone Depletion
• B. Global Climate Change
• 1. Evidence of Global Warming
• 2. Possible Effects of Global Warming
• C. The Value of a Healthy Biosphere

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Sustainable Agriculture
Section 6-4
Cover Crops Legumes, grasses, and other cover
crops recycle soil nutrients, reduce fertilizer
need, and prevent weed growth.
Controlled Grazing By managing graze periods and
herd densities, farmers can improve
nutrient cycling, increase the effectiveness
of precipitation, and increase the
carrying capacity of pastures.
Biological Pest Control The use of predators and
parasites to control destructive
insects minimizes pesticide use as well as crop
damage
A
B
C
Yr. 1
Contour Plowing Contour plowing reduces soil
erosion from land runoff. On hilly areas,
plowing is done across the hill rather than
straight up and down.
Crop Rotation Different crops use and replenish
different nutrients. By rotating crops, the
loss of important plant nutrients is decreased.
alfalfa
oats
corn
Yr. 2
alfalfa (plowed in)
corn
alfalfa
Yr. 3
corn
alfalfa
oats
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Figure 6-22 Ecosystem Services
Section 6-4
Solar energy
Production of oxygen
Storage and recycling of nutrients
Regulation of climate
Purification of water and air
Storage and distribution of fresh water
Food production
Nursery habits for wildlife
Detoxification of human and industrial waste
Natural pest and disease control
Management of soil erosion and runoff
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Internet
Go Online

• Interactive test
• Articles on natural resources and pollution
• For links on sustainable agriculture, go to
  www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as
  follows cbn-2061.
• For links on biodiversity, go to www.SciLinks.org
  and enter the Web Code as follows cbn-2063.
• For links on global warming, go to
  www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as
  follows cbn-2064.

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Section 1 Answers
Interest Grabber Answers
1. Choose an animal other than a human and
describe at least two ways in which it may change
its environment. Sample answers A beaver both
removes wood from a forest and dams a body of
water. A dog digs a hole and may damage plants,
but also may unearth worms and turn the soil. 2.
What events might have led to the changes that
occurred in your town or city? Sample answers
increase or decrease in population and
industry. 3. What positive effect have humans
had on their environment? What negative effect
have humans had on their environment? Humans
preserve, conserve, and restore the natural
environment as well as construct facilities that
improve human health. Humans pollute the air,
water, and land with materials that can harm
humans and other organisms.
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Section 2 Answers
Interest Grabber Answers

• 1. Examine the list of natural resources shown
  below. Then, classify each natural resource as
  either renewable or nonrenewable.
• a. Wood Renewable new trees can be grownb.
  Fossil fuels Nonrenewable once depleted they
  are gonec. Aluminum Nonrenewable although
  recyclable, once depleted the resource is gone
• d. Wool Renewable sheep can grow new fleecee.
  Gold Nonrenewable once gold ores are depleted
  no more gold can be made
• 2. Describe the impact that the loss of
  nonrenewable resources would have on the
  environment.
• Sample answers fossil fuels limited energy,
  which impacts on industry, quality of life,
  economy gold and aluminum decrease in
  components for technology, which also impacts on
  industry, quality of life, economy.

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Section 3 Answers
Interest Grabber Answers

• 1. List three ways in which other organisms have
  proved to be a benefit to humans.
• They provide food, medicine, building materials,
  and clothing.
• 2. Compare biodiversity with other natural
  resources, such as wood and fossil fuels. Do you
  think biodiversity is a renewable or a
  nonrenewable resource? Explain your answer.
• Nonrenewable, because once species of organisms
  are extinct, they cannot be brought back to life
  by any natural processes.
• 3. What can be done to preserve the biodiversity
  of organisms?
• Students may suggest protecting endangered
  species and ecosystems.

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Section 4 Answers
Interest Grabber Answers

• Rank the following items in order of their
  importance to you. Then, next to each item, write
  down how much you would be willing to pay for it.
• 1. Fresh, clean drinking water
• 2. Clean air to breathe
• 3. An endangered plant containing a substance
  that can cure cancer
• 4. Gas for your family car
• Students answers will depend on how important
  the items are to them.

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End of Custom Shows

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