Physics wcalculus

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Physics with Calculus I
Revised 6/1/04
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Ch 1 Introduction
Physics is centered upon experimental
measurements. The truth of a theory, hypothesis,
or conjecture is decided by the outcome of
experiments. Mathematics is used in physics as a
useful tool and language to help summarize and
describe physical phenomena. In many ways,
mathematics simplifies the concepts and our ways
of viewing nature. Mathematical equations also
allow for easy manipulation of the variables.
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Ch 1 Introduction
By using mathematics and physical concepts based
on observation, we construct theories of the
physical world. These theories enable us to
predict the results of experiments and that is
part of the fun and excitement of science.
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Ch 1 Introduction
Only measurements of length, time, and mass are
needed as a basis for talking about classical
mechanics, which is a study of mechanical
systems. Other phenomena associated with
classical physics (physics developed prior to
1900) are electricity and magnetism, and
thermodynamics. Modern physics includes a study
of quantum mechanics, relativity, atomic physics,
nuclear physics, elementary particle physics, and
the fundamental interactions among the particles.
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Physics w/CalculusCh 1 General Topics

• Standards of length and time
• SI vs. US Customary systems
• Mass Density
• Dimensional Analysis
• Unit Conversions
• Significant Figures
• Scientific vs. Engineering Notation
• Problem-solving Strategy

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Systems of Measurement
SI System US Customary System
Length Meter (m) Foot (Ft)
Mass Kilogram (kg) Slug
Time Second (s) Second (s)
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Who Does NOT use the SI System?

• Three countries on the entire planet
• Liberia
• Myanmar (Burma)

• The United States of America

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Density of a Substance

• Mass Density º r

Problem 1.4
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Dimensional Analysis
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Unit Conversion
Any number times ONE
That same number
A conversion
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Unit Conversion
So,
and,
1.00
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Unit Conversions
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Significant Figures

• Digits in a number that are known to be
  accurate.
• Sig. Figs. Are
• Any number 1-9
• Any zero between 1-9
• Zeros to the left of 1-9 are NOT significant
• What about zeros to the right of 1-9?
• Yes, zeros to the right are also significant

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Significant Figures
While working the problem, keep at least the same
number of significant figures as the answer
should have.
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Scientific vs. Engineering Notation

• Scientific Notation Forces the decimal point
  after the first non-zero digit.

Expressed to 3 S.F.

• Engineering Notation Forces the exponent to be a
  multiple (or sub multiple) of 3

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(1.10) Problem-solving strategy

• Read carefully
• List given Data
• Sketch, if needed
• Write thesis statement (a WHAT?)
• Solve equation for unknown, THEN substitute
• Box answer including unit(s)

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The End