The University of Sheffield: PowerPoint template

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The French in North America, Part II La
Louisiane Illinois
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Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle
La Salle's dream was to build a trading colony at
the mouth of the Mississippi River., which he had
located in 1682. Between 1684-1687 he mounted an
expedition with the support of King Louis XIV and
private merchants. He and his colonists landed on
the coast of modern Texas
9th April , 1682, at the mouth of the Mississippi
River near modern Venice, Louisiana
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Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle
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Shannon Lee Dawdy University of Chicago
Rogue Colonialism Agents who acted beyond the
reach of the state and its clerical pens, or who
acted in its name, but not necessarily in its
interests.. (2005)
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Old Fort Niagara
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Old Fort Niagara

• Fort LaSalle 1669
• Fort Conti 1679
• For Denonville 1687-88
• Permanent fortification "French Castle" 1726
• British take site, and create Fort Niagara 1759
• British yield fort to the US 1796
• Fort Niagara recaptured by the British 1813
• Fort ceded to the US for second time 1815

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Fort Ouiatenon 1717-1791
The first fortified European settlement in what
is now Indiana. Established as a military outpost
to prevent British expansion into Ohio. The fort
served as a trading post for beaver furs and
buffalo hides, but the French also tried to
convert the natives to Catholicism fort
therefore based on defensive strategy, the quest
for wealth, and missionary zeal.
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The fort served as link in the French trading
post system that stretched from the Mississippi
River through the Illinois Country to the St.
Lawrence River, and a supply depot for fur
traders in the western Great Lakes
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Pieux-en-terre construction
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Northwest bastion outline of powder magazine
Soil stain of palisade trench
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Ste. Genevieve, Missouri French colonial town
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Detail of 1704 map of Old Mobile showing Fort
Louis (the fort site has not been located by
archaeologists)
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Conjectural model of Fort Louis based on the map
information knowledge of other French forts
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Mobile was established in early 1702 by Pierre Le
Moyne dIberville to serve as the military,
political, economic center of the newly founded
colony of Louisiana. Mobile was occupied until
1711, when the capital was moved to New Mobile
(modern-day Mobile, Alabama). Archaeology has
been conducted at Old Mobile since 1989, under
the direction of Dr. Gregory Waselkov of the
University of South Alabama in Mobile. -Port
Dauphin, some 50 miles down river, served as the
port for Mobile. It, too, has been the subject
of archaeological investigation.
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Four types of architecture are represented by the
remains found at Old Mobile poteaux sur sole
post-on-sill refers to structures with
squared uprights on a groundsill poteaux en
terre - post-in-ground refers to close-set
squared wall posts set upright in a trench
pieux en terre stakes-in-ground refers to
small round stakes placed upright in wall
trenches colombage construction of
sophisticated timber-framed buildings with
vertical beams placed 34 ft apart on a plate,
often braced at the corners with diagonal
timbers.
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pièce sur pièce literally, piece on piece
a technique used at Ft. Louis, Ft. Toulouse, c.,
involves placing hewn beams atop one another
without digging trenches or post holes In all
styles the wooden architectural members were
infilled by Bousillage daub - the walls were
referred to as bousillé
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1702 map of Old Mobile
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1704 map of Old Mobile
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Port Dauphin was the port for Old Mobile.
Salvage excavations were conducted as part of a
field school of the University of South Alabama,
directed by Dr. Greg Waselkov.
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Unearthing a perfectly preserved English wine
bottle.
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Structure 1 Remains of a house, perhaps occupied
by a missionary, that once stood on sills laid
directly on the ground, a building technique
referred to as poteaux-sur-sole.
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Excavation of Structure 30, which was constructed
with supporting posts set in a trench, a
technique known as poteaux-en-terre
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Structure 30 fully exposed, showing the interior
poteaux-en-terre trenches enclosed by an external
palisade trench. This may once have been a
soldiers home.
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French faïence, a tin-glazed earthenware, is
considered to be one of the most diagnostic
artifacts of the French presence in America.
This bowl is a variety of faïence blanche known
as Brittany Blue.
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A variety of faïence blanche known as Seine
Polychrome.
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A variety of faïence brune known as Rouen
Polychrome. Brown faience has a thick brown lead
glaze on the exterior the forms are often
cooking vessels used in haute cuisine.
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Other tin-glazed earthenwares found at Old Mobile
other French colonial sites
Dutch delft
Spanish majolica
English polychrome delftware
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Coarse earthenware from the potteries of the
Saintonge area right, green-glazed bowl
fragments below, yellow-glazed plate
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A field school student carefully exposes an
intact lead-glazed earthenware plate
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On a cold winter day in 1687, the small French
ship Belle ran aground on the Texas coast, the
victim of a run of bad luck and a howling north
wind. The Belle was the last of four ships of
the expedition led by Robert Cavelier, sieur de
La Salle.
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Thousands of Venetian glass seed beads568,798
in allwere contained in this  traders box, some
piled in rows, others still strung on strands of
thread, ready to be traded to the Indians.  Still
nailed shut when it was uncovered, the box
contained bits of the straw packing that had been
placed underneath and over the top of the beads
to protect them.
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