Memory 2

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Memory 2

• PSB 5341

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The Temporal Lobes and Declarative Memory

• The Diencephalon and Memory Processing
• Diencephalon Brain regions associated with
  memory and amnesia (outside the temporal lobe)

Large lesion to anterior nucleus dorsomedial
nucleus of the thalamus in monkeys causes
deficits in DNMS performance. Lesions to either
structure alone, lead to milder deficits. Even
milder deficits occur after lesions to mammillary
bodies.
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The Temporal Lobes and Declarative Memory

• The Diencephalon and Memory Processing
• Korsakoffs Syndrome
• Symptoms Confusion, confabulations, severe
  memory impairment, and apathy
• Alcoholics Develop thiamin deficiency
• Leads to symptoms Abnormal eye movements, loss
  of coordination, tremors
• Treatment Supplemental thiamin
• Thiamin deficiency Structural brain damage

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The mediotemporal lobe has important role in
declarative memory or consolidation. Severe
anterograde amnesia results after mediotemporal
lobe lesions. Hippocampus itself important. In
both animals humans, the same stimulus elicits
a different response when familiar than
unfamiliar. Recordings from single cells from
human hippocampus in Fig 24.14 as part of surgery
for epilepsy.
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The Temporal Lobes and Declarative Memory

• Memory Functions of the Hippocampus
• Role of the medial temporal lobes
• Declarative memory processing or consolidation

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The Temporal Lobes and Declarative Memory

• Memory Functions of the Hippocampus
• Spatial Memory and Place Cells
• Morris water maze

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The Temporal Lobes Declarative Memory

• Memory Functions of the Hippocampus
• Spatial Memory, Working Memory, and Relational
  Memory
• Relational memory
• Highly processed sensory information
• To hippocampus and nearby cortex

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The Striatum and Procedural Memory

• Two elements of basal ganglia? Striatum
• Caudate nucleus
• Putamen
• Rodent Recordings and Lesions in the Striatum
• Lesions to striatum Disrupts procedural memory
• Damaged hippocampal system Degraded performance
  on standard maze task
• Lesion in striatum Impaired performance of the
  light task Double dissociation

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The Striatum and Procedural Memory

• Habit Learning in Humans and Nonhuman Primates
• Striatum in humans plays a role in procedural
  memory

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The Neocortex and Working Memory

• The Prefrontal Cortex and Working Memory
• Primates have a large frontal lobe
• Function of prefrontal cortex self-awareness,
  capacity for planning and problem solving

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The Neocortex and Working Memory

• The Prefrontal Cortex and Working Memory (Contd)
• Imaging Working Memory in the Human Brain
• Numerous areas in prefrontal cortex are involved
  in working memory

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The Neocortex and Working Memory

• Lateral Intraparietal Cortex (Area LIP) and
  Working Memory
• Area LIP Guiding eye movements
• Delayed-saccade task

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Concluding Remarks

• Learning and memory
• Occur throughout the brain
• Memories
• Duration, kind of information stored, and brain
  structures involved
• Distinct types of memory
• Different types of amnesia
• Multiple brain systems for memory storage
• Engrams in temporal lobe neocortex
• Physiological basis?
• Long-term memories structural basis?