What are the problems that need to be solved

1
What are the problems that need to be solved

• What is hard

2
The Challenge

• Command and Control must be able to cope with the
  Complex Environment and the Complex Endeavor in
  which there are many, dynamically changing and
  often ill-defined
• Complex networked relationships between Causes
  and Influences
• Actors
• Relations between actors
• Objectives
• Competencies, roles and responsibilities
• Perspectives
• Cultures
• Etc.

3
The approaches

• NEC, NCW, NEOPS
• EBO
• Comprehensive and Whole of government approach
• Systemic Operational design
• Adaptive Campaigning
• A number of requirements emerge
• Must be able to understand the dynamically
  evolving problem and situation
• Strategy
• Language
• Actors must be Networked
• The system must be able to learn and adapt

4
Agility / Adaptivity

• CCRP/USA
• Agility 6 dimensions
• Robustness
• maintain effectiveness
• Resilience
• ability to recover
• Responsiveness
• ability to react to change
• Flexibility
• ability to do things in multiple ways
• Innovation
• ability to do new things or old things new ways
• Adaptation
• ability to change work processes and organisation

• DSTO/Australia
• Adaptivity 4 classes
• Flexibility
• Maintain effectiveness across a range of tasks
• Agility
• Ability to recognize the need to change strategy
  and to implement it
• Resilience
• Able to sustain loss, damage, setbacks and still
  maintain effectiveness
• Responsiveness
• Able to rapidly identify and deal with fleeting
  threats and opportunities

How do we stimulate these characteristics
5
C2 A set of interrelated Networks
Causes and Effects
6
The Social Network

• People work in social organized arrangements
• Formal and informal linkages provide the basis
  for behavior
• Richly linked people are better able to develop
  shared awareness, solve unusual problems,
  synchronize actions and develop trust
• New organizational concepts exploit the powers of
  social networks
• Yet there is a huge gap between what we know and
  need to know about networks to ensure smooth
  networked C2 (National Research Council 2006)
• Nevertheless we believe social networks are
  essential to accomplish agility/adaptability?
  requires focal attention (try to achieve
  coherence)

7
Social Network Issues in Command and Control

• Three critical issues
• Ad hoc networks and rotations make it difficult
  to mature social networks
• Geographical distributions create obstacles
• Cultural differences complicate the development
  of social networks.
• Operational commanders considered building Trust,
  Cohesion and Partnerships with distributed
  parties as major obstacles to effective command
• Adaptive Distributed Command Teams
• Who can do the job (skills, expertise,
  responsibilities, trust)
• What are the work processes in progress
• What is the current situation
• How to make sure people exchange information
• How to integrate the processes
• New decision support approaches necessary
• Measuring and analysing effects
• Social Network Analysis
• Distributed collaboration briefings, deciding,
  consulting, advising.

8
Information Networking

• Supports the social network
• Consists of nodes and links (even without a
  formal representation)
• Information Management challenges
• Right information at the right time to the right
  people in the right format for the right use.
• Explicit relations between information elements
• Disclose unstructured information
• Flexible and adaptive structure
• Tagging of information/Metadata
• Information Architecture challenges
• Interoperability between systems
• Must support complete spectrum of operations
• Solution Strategies
• Develop Communities of interest
• Develop Domain based approaches

9
The ICT Network

• Supports the information and social network
• Provides services for interactions and exchange
  of data
• Must enable agility of social networks and
  information networks
• Criticality is higher than ever before
• Open and safe

10
The overall C2 network

• Transforming to
• Focus and Convergence?
• Laissez faire versus extreme control?
• Whats in between?
• Must be a learning organization.
• Coherent Interventions in all networks necessary
• Coherent Interventions in training, doctrine,
  organization, etc. necessary
• Learning and innovation must get a much more
  prominent place
• Must learn to define success and failure (!)
• Dont look at military C2 in isolation