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Title: By Tatiana


1
Native Americans
By Tatiana
2
The word pueblo
  • The word pueblo means village in Spanish. It is
    pounced pwah-bloh. The name was referred to the
    Indian cliff dwellings and large adobe house
    complexes of the southern Indian tribes. Today
    the word pueblos are also used to refer to these
    tribes themselves. There are many different
    pueblos and each has its own name, including the
    Acoma, Cochiti, Isleta, Jemez, Laguna, Nambe,
    Picuris, Pojoaque, Sandia, San Felipe, Santa Ana,
    Santo Domingo, San Ildefonso, San Juan, Santa
    Clara, Taos, Tesuque, Ysleta Del Sur, Zia, and
    Zuni. The Hopi are also Pueblo people, but they
    are culturally more distant from the others, have
    a separate government, and are usually concerned
    as a different tribe.
  • What language did they speak?
  • Almost all pueblo Indians people speak English
    today. But most of them one of the native pueblo
    languages. Even though the pueblo have closely
    related cutlers they do not all speak the same
    languages. The Hopi spoke the Uto-Aztecan
    language
  • . The Zuni language is an isolate, not related to
    any other living language. Seven of the other
    remaining pueblos speak Keresan languages. And
    the other 12 speak Tanoan languages related to
    Kiowa. Speakers of these four languages group
    cannot under stand each other. Today they use
    English on purpose.


3
Women and Men The women would be in charge of
the home and family. The men were in charge of
politics, agriculture, and war. Women played
important roles in religion and clan governance,
but caciques and warriors were always men. Both
if the genders took part in storytelling, music,
artwork, medicine. The
pueblo homes Pueblo people lived in adobe houses
known as pueblos, witch are muti-story houses
complexes made of adobe bricks and stone. Each
unit was home to one family. They had to use
ladders to reach the upstairs.
The transportation The pueblo usually walked
they rarely used canoes. They did not have
horses. They also used dogs to pull a travois to
help carry heavy loads.
The food The Pueblo Indians were expert farming
people. They raised beans, squash and sunflower
seeds. Even cotton and tobacco. The men hunted
deer and antelope, While women gathered nuts,
fruits, and herbs. Their favorite recipes include
hominy, popcorn, baked beans

The transportation The pueblo usually walked
they rarely used canoes. They did not have
horses. They also used dogs to pull a travois to
help carry heavy loads.
4
The Pueblo Tribes The organization of the
pueblo The 19 Pueblos of New Mexico belong to a
confederation called the All Indian Pueblo
Council witch makes decisions on behalf of all
of them. Each pueblo also has its local
government, with laws, police, and services just
like a small country. However the pueblo is also
US citizens and must obey American Law. The
Pueblo are natives of the southwest deserts,
practically New Mexico. (The Hopi live in
Arizona, while the Ysleta Del Sur Tigua lives in
Texas.) Unlike many Native American tribes the
pueblo Indians were never forced to leave their
homelands and are still living here today.
How did the Indian
children live They do all the same things
children do, play with each other go to school
and help around the house. Many Pueblo children
like to go hunting fishing with there fathers. In
the past Indian kids had normal chores and less
play time. But they had dolls, toys and games to
play with. The mother would carry a young child
in a cradleboard on her back. and paint
5
The pueblo cloths, feather
headdresses and face paint Pueblo men did not
were much clothing. They only wore breechcloths
or short kilts. The women wore knee high cotton
dresses called mantas. A manta fastened at a
women right shoulder, leaving her left shoulder
bare. Missionaries didnt think this dress style
was modest enough, so in the 1900s many pueblo
women started to wearing blouses or shifts
underneath their mantas. Men and women both wore
deerskin moccasins on their feet. For dances and
special occasions. Women painted their moccasins
white and wrapped white strips of deerskin called
puttee around their shins as leggings. The
pueblo did not traditionally were war bonnets
like the Sioux. The men usually wore head bands
tied around their foreheads instead, for special
ceremonies. Pueblo dancers some times wore
painted masks of figure eight shaped bun called
chongo. Some times men preferred to cut their
hair to shoulder length. For certain religious
ceremonies the pueblos didnt paint there faces
or bodies. Today many pueblo still were
moccasins or mantas, but modern cloths.


6
The food The Pueblo Indians were expert farming
people. They raised beans, squash and sunflower
seeds. Even cotton and tobacco. The men hunted
deer and antelope, While women gathered nuts,
fruits, and herbs. Their favorite recipes include
baked beans, hominy, popcorn, soups, and
cornbread.
Weapons Pueblo hunters used bows arrows in war.
They also used spears and clubs. The tools
included wooden hoes and rakes for farming,
spindles and weaving cotton. Even pump drills for
making holes in shell beads.
Who they interacted with The Zuni traded
extensively with other tribes of the southwest.
Pueblo trade routes reached all the way to Mexico
and to the California coast. They supplied
craftsmen with shells, coral, and turquoise
for jewelry. The Navajos and Comanche's were
favorite trading partners, though they often
fought with each other as well. Other enemies of
the pueblo tribes include
Women and Men The women would be in charge of
the home and family. The men were in charge of
politics, agriculture, and war. Women played
important roles in religion and clan governance,
but caciques and warriors were always men. Both
if the genders took part in storytelling, music,
artwork, medicine. The
pueblo homes Pueblo people lived in adobe houses
known as pueblos, witch are muti-story houses
complexes made of adobe bricks and stone. Each
unit was home to one family. They had to use
ladders to reach the upstairs.

7

Cheyenne tribe
The word Cheyenne It is pronounced
Shy-Ann. It comes from the Dakota Sioux name for
the Cheyennes Sahiyenan, which means relatives
of the Cree. The name Cheyenne is spelled many
different ways.
Where they live The Cheyenne Indians
were far-ranging people. By the time the
Americans met them they were living on the Great
Plains in what is now South, Dakota, Wyoming,
Nebraska, Colorado, and Kansas. The US government
forced the Cheyenne to move to Oklahoma during
the 1800s but some escaped and fled north into
Montana. Today there are two Cheyenne tribe, one
in Oklahoma and the other in Montana.

Origination The Cheyenne nation was split in
half by American relocation. The Northern
Cheyenne Tribe lives in Montana, the Southern
Cheyenne share with their allies the Southern
Arapaho in Oklahoma. Like most Native American
tribes, the Cheyenne tribes are autonomous. That
means each tribe has its own government, laws,
police, and services like a small county.
However, only the northern Cheyenne have their
own reservation, which means a land which belongs
to them and is legally under control. The
southern Cheyenne and Arapaho live on trust lands
or in Western Oklahoma towns.
8
In the past, the Cheyennes were led by a council
of 44 chiefs, four from each band. The People
really valued harmony, so everyone council member
had to agree on a decision before action could be
taken (this is called Consensus.) Today, Cheyenne
council members are popularly elected, but they
still work by consensus.

Language Most of the Cheyenne people speak
English today. Some of them, especially older
people, speak the Cheyenne language. Cheyenne is
a musical language.
Children They do all the
same things children do, play with each other,
and go to school help around the house. Many of
the children like to go hunting and fishing with
their fathers. In the past, boys and girls had
more chores and less play time in their daily
lives. But they still did have dolls, toys, and
games to play. One of the games was called the
hoop game. Lacrosse was also a popular sport
played by teenagers. A mother would carry a young
child in a cradle board on her back.
Men and
Women The women were in charge of the home.
Besides cooking and cleaning, a woman built her
familys house and dragged heavy posts with her
whenever the tribe moved. Houses belonged to the
to the women in the Cheyenne tribe. Men were
hunters and warriors. And responsible for feeding
and defending their families. Only men could
become Cheyenne chiefs. Both of the genders took
part in storytelling, artwork, music and median.
9

Homes Originally
the Cheyennes lived in settled villages of
eastern lodges and birch bark wigwams. As their
life style became more nomadic, they began to use
buffalo-hide houses called teepees. Since the
Cheyenne tribe moved frequently to follow buffalo
herds, A Tipi had to be carefully designed to set
up and brake down quickly. An entire Cheyenne
village could be packed up and ready to go in an
hour! Today, Native Americans only put up a
tepee for fun or to connect with their heritage,
not for shelter. Most Cheyenne live in modern
houses and apartment buildings, just like you.

Clothing Cheyenne women wore long
deerskin dresses. Men wore breechcloths with
leather leggings. Later they started wearing
Plains war shirt worn by other Indians of this
region. A ladys dress or warriors shirt was
fringed and often decorated with porcupine
quills, shells, and elk teeth. Men wore moccasins
and women wore high fringed boots. Later Cheyenne
people adapted to a European costume such as
cloth dresses and vest, which were decorated with
quillwork and fancy beading. The Indian leaders
wore tall feather headdresses like the Blackfeet,
but they soon began wearing long war bonnets that
Plaines Indians are famous for. Cheyenne men wore
their long hair in braids with a topknot or
pompadour. Women wore their hair either loose or
braided. The Cheyennes also painted their faces
for special occasions. Today some Cheyenne
people still have moccasins or a beaded
headdresses, but they were modern cloths.
10

  • Food


Food The Cheyennes were originally
farming people. The women harvest corn, squash,
and beans. While the men hunted buffalo and deer.
They mostly gave up farming to follow the buffalo
herds. Unlike most tribes Cheyenne women took
part in buffalo hunts along with the men. They
drove the buffalo towards the men, who shot the
buffalo with their longbows. Bedsides buffalo
meat, Cheyenne Indians also liked to eat fish,
fruit, berries and corn.
Weapons Cheyenne warriors
used powerful bows and arrows, war clubs, spears,
and hide shields. Dog soldiers The dog soldiers
were the most famous of the Cheyenne warriors
societies. They were also known as the Dog
Warriors or Dog Men. They had this name because
of a Cheyenne ledged about dogs that turned into
fierce warriors. The dog soldiers were especially
brave and honorable. When they defended a
Cheyenne village a dog solider would stake his
long belt to the ground, to show that he would
not run away. Who they interacted
with The Cheyennes traded often with other
tribes. Plaines Indian tribes treated war
differently than the Europeans did. They didnt
fight over territory but instead to prove their
courage, and so the Plains Indian war parties
rarely fought to death of destroyed each other
villages. Instead their war customs included
counting coup which means to touch an opponent in
battle without harming him. Stealing an enemys
weapon or horse, or forcing the other tribes
warriors to retreat. So the Cheyenne were
sometimes enemies of neighboring tribes like the
Sioux, Comanches, and Kiowas, and other times
they were allies.
11
Crafts Cheyenne artist were famous for their
fine quill embroidery, beadwork, pipe carving,
and pottery.
Stories There are lots of
traditional Cheyenne stories legends and fairy
tales. Story telling is very important to the
Cheyenne culture.

12
The Ioway Tribe
The word Ioway
The word Iowa is pronounced eye-oh-way. It comes
from the Sioux name for the tribe, which meant
sleepy ones. In their own language, the Ioway
called themselves Baxoje, which means gray snow.
Where
they live The Ioway tribe are originally people
of Iowa and southwestern Minnesota. The Iowa
Indians were forced to leave their homelands in
the 1800s for reservations in Kansas, Nebraska,
and Oklahoma. That is where most Ioway people
live today.

13
Children They do all the same things children do,
play with each other, go to school and help
around the house. Many Ioway children like to go
hunting and fishing with their fathers. In the
past Indian kids had less time to play. But they
still have dolls, toys, and games to play. They
played the hoop game, played by kids, and older
boys played lacrosse. And Ioway mother carried a
young child in a cradleboard on her back.

Men and women Ioway men
were hunters and sometimes went to war to protect
their families. Ioway women were farmers and also
did most of the child care and cooking. Only men
became Ioway chiefs. Both genders took part in
storytelling, artwork, music, and medicine.
14
Cloths,
Headdresses, and Face paint Ioway women wore
knee-length shirts with poncho-style shirts or
longer deerskin dresses. Men wore breechcloths
with leather leggings and usually went shirtless.
The Ioways wore moccasins on their feet, in cold
weather they also wore long buffalo-hide robes.
Later they started wearing a European costume as
cloth dresses and vests, which they decorated
with ribbon appliqué and beadwork. Ioway men did
not were long war bonnets like Sioux. They wore
turban-like hats made of otter fur or cloth, with
a few feathers sticking up from the back. The
warriors usually shaved their heads completely
except for a scalp lock. A Scalp lock is one long
lock of hair on the back of their heads. The
women wore their hair either loose or braided.
Both men and women wore tribal tattoos and also
painted their faces for special occasions.
Today, some Ioway people wear still have
moccasins or buckskins dresses. Food The
Ioways were farming people. Women worked
together to raise crops of corn, beans, pumpkins,
and sunflowers. Men hunted deer, fished in river,
and took part in seasonal buffalo hunts. The
Ioways werent migratory people, so they didnt
hunt buffalo as often as other Plains Indian
tribes, but buffalo meat was still an important
part of their diet because they acquired it in
trade from other tribes.  
15
Weapons
Ioway hunters used bows and arrows. Fishermen
used fishing spears and basket traps. In war men
fired their bows and arrows or fought with clubs
and spears.
Who they interacted with The Ioways traded
regularly with other tribes of the Great Plains
and the Western Plateau. Most tribes liked the
Ioway pipes. They communicated using the Plaines
sigh Language. After the Europeans arrived the
Ioways were known for trading beaver pelts and
other furs. The Ioways also fought with other
tribes. Plaines Indians tribes treated war
differently than Europeans did. They didnt fight
over territory but instead to prove their
courage, and so Plains Indians war parties rarely
fought to death.
Crafts The Ioways were good at
crafting pipe carving, woodworking, and par
fleche.
Homes
Most Ioway Indians lived in settled
villages of round eastern lodges. Ioway lodges
were made from wooden frames covered with packed
earth. When Ioway men went on hunting trips, so
they often used small buffalo-hide teepees as
temporary shelter. Unlike other tribes the
Ioways were not migratory people and did not use
tall teepees for their regular houses.
Transportation When they traveled over land they
used a travois, to help carry their belongings.
They didnt live near the ocean so they didnt
travel by ocean.
16
Organization There are two Ioway Indian tribes
today. One is in Oklahoma and Kansas and
Nebraska. The Iowa Indians Kansas and Nebraska
live on a reservation, which is land that belongs
to the tribe and is under their control. The
Oklahoma Ioways live on trust lands. Each Ioway
tribe has its own government, laws, police, and
services, just like a small county. However,
Ioway Indians are also US Indians and must obey
the American law.
Language The Ioway people
speak English today. In the past they spoke their
native Chiwere language, which they shared with
the neighboring Otoe and Missouri tribes. Only a
few elders still remember the Chiwere language
today. But some young people are working to learn
their ancient language.
17
Chinook
The Word Chinook It is Pronounced Chin-nook.
Where They Live The
Chinook people live in the Pacific Northwest
coast. So their located in Washington.
Organization The Chinooks
live on a reservation which is a land that
belongs to them and is under control. Their
nation has its own government, laws, police, and
services. However the Chinooks are also US
citizens and must obey the law. In the past each
Chinook village was lead by its own chief. Today
the Chinooks Indians are governed people by a
tribal conical elected by all people. .
18

Children The children do all the same things
any child would do, Play with each other, go to
school, and help around the house. Many children
like to go fishing and hunting with their
fathers. They had less play time and more chores.
They still had dolls, toys, and games. The
teenagers played lacrosse. Like many other native
American mothers, they would carry their baby in
a cradle board.
Men and Women The women gathered
plants, herbs and clams. They also took care the
children and cooked. Men were fishermen and
hunters. Sometimes they went to war to protect
their families. Both of the genders took part in
artwork, trading, storytelling, music and
medicine. The Chinook chief was always a man, but
clan leaders could be a man or a women.
Homes The Chinooks lived in villages of a
rectangular houses with bark roofs. Usually the
houses would be up to 70 feet long or more. The
house would be long enough to fit a whole
family.

19

Cloths and headdresses Chinook men
didnt were that much clothing. They just wore a
breech-clout. Women wore short skirts made of
cedar bark or grass. In the rain the Chinooks
wore Tule rush capes. In cold weather they wore
fur robes and moccasins on their feet. The
Chinook's didnt were a headdress. Both men and
women wore basket hats.

Transportation The Chinooks traveled by dugout
canoes. They used this for trading, fishing,
hunting, and warfare.
Food The
Chinook men liked to fish. The fish they often
caught was salmon. They would catch other fish
and sea mammals. They hunted deer and birds. The
women gathered clams, shell fish, seaweed,
berries and roots.


20
Who they interacted with The Chinooks were known
for skill trading. They traded often with the
Nootka, Klamath, and Interior Salish tribes.
Usually the Chinooks would fight with Northwest
tribes.
Stories They would tell
Fairytales and legends. Story telling was very
important to the Chinook tribe.
21
Weapons Chinook fisher men used harpoons and
nets. Hunter would use bow and arrows and
trappers. They also had spears and clubs. They
wore armor made from hardened elk.
Crafts Chinook artist would make
bear-grass baskets and wood carving.
Language Chinook people speak English today. In
the past they spoke their native Chinook
language, which was a complicated language with
many sounds that dont excised in English. Nobody
speaks this language any more, buy some elders
still speak a second language called the Chinook
Jargon, which was a trade language of the south
west coast that combined words and sounds from
the Chinook, Nootka, English and other languages.
22
Bibliography http//search.live.com/images/result
s.aspx?qNativeAmericanformMXCA00kwide8ab61c1
10928ae57aea8508a3466838adltstrict http//www.b
igorrin.org/ioway_kids.htm http//www.bigorrin.org
/chinook_kids.htm http//www.bigorrin.org/cheyenne
_kids.htm http//www.bigorrin.org/pueblo_kids.htm
23
Summery
Differences All tribes spoke different
languages except for English. In the Chinook
tribe the women gatherd plats and herbs unlike
the Cheyenne, Pueblo and the Ioway. The homes for
the pueblo was a muti-story house unlike the
Ioway and the Cheyenne. The Chinook were the
only ones who mainly ate fish. Similarities The
Chinook has the most differences than all of the
tribes. Similarities The Pueblo, Cheyenne and
Ioway would grow food. The pueblo and the Chinook
men would not ware to much clothing. They all
usually have the same weapons. The Ioway has the
most similarities with all of the other
tribes. The pueblo are like the Ioway. The
Cheyenne are like the chinook. They are all great
tribes!
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