Title: HISTORY OF ARCHIVAL AND RECORDS ENTERPRISE
1HISTORY OF ARCHIVAL AND RECORDS ENTERPRISE
2Epochs in the Development ofArchival and Records
Enterprise
3CHINA
4CHINA
5Epochs in the Development ofArchival and Records
Enterprise
- Antiquity
- Development of the Concept of Archives, c. 400
B.C. c. 500 A.D.
6GREECE
- Archeion
- That which belongs to an office.
7GREECE
- Deposit gives private documents a public
authority
- Authoritative record was the most public record
- The Notary
8ROME
- Adopted concepts of the Greeks and added concepts
of their own.
9ROMETerms
10ROME
- Registration conveys official status
- Keeping minutes
- Emperor destroyed records of predecessor
- Residencia
- Regard for provenance
11MEDIA
- Papyrus
- Wood and wax tablet
12Epochs in the Development ofArchival and Records
Enterprise
- Antiquity
- Development of the Concept of Archives, c. 400
B.C. c. 500 A.D.
- Dormancy, c. 500-1500
13Dormancy
- Memory and objects replaced written record as
authority
- Authenticated with wax seal
14Dormancy
- Clerk derived from clerics who staff chanceries
15Dormancy
- Records schedule, 800s
- Case file, c. 1200
- Records as property of the office, 1331
- Distinguish current from records of long-term
value
16Epochs in the Development ofArchival and Records
Enterprise
- Antiquity
- Development of the Concept of Archives, c. 400
B.C. c. 500 A.D.
- Dormancy, c. 500-1500
- Re-emergence of Archives, 1500-1789
17RE-EMERGENCE
- Establishment of well-defined archives
- Archivo General de Simancas
18RE-EMERGENCE
- Establishment of well-defined archives
- Archivo General de Simancas
- Diplomatics, De Re Diplomatica, 1681
19Epochs in the Development ofArchival and Records
Enterprise
- Establishment of Modern Archival Practice,
1789-1898
20ESTABLISHMENT OF MODERN ARCHIVAL PRACTICE
- Archives Nationales (France), 1794
- Concept of current and historical
- Archives as expression of nationalism
21ESTABLISHMENT OF MODERN ARCHIVAL PRACTICE
- Basic principles
- Respect des fonds
- Provenanceoriginal order
- Ecole des Chartes, 1832
- Dutch manual of practice, 1898
22ESTABLISHMENT OF MODERN ARCHIVAL PRACTICE
- American contribution
- Collecting documents
- Printing documents to facilitate use and
preservation
23Epochs in the Development ofArchival and Records
Enterprise
- Establishment of Modern Archival Practice,
1789-1898
- Redefining Archives and Managing Bulk Archival
Administration and Records Management, c.
1900-continuing
24REDEFINING ARCHIVES AND MANAGING BULK
- Factors
- New Media
- Growth of business and government
- Spread of literacy
25REDEFINING ARCHIVES AND MANAGING BULK
- Growth in Quantity of Records
- 1789-1861 100,000 cubic feet
- 1865-1914 500,000 cubic feet
- 1930s decade 3.5 million cubic feet
- 1940s per year 2 million cubic feet
- 1960s per year 4 million cubic feet
26REDEFINING ARCHIVES AND MANAGING BULK
- New kinds of records
- Memorandum
- Chart and Graph
- Directive
27REDEFINING ARCHIVES AND MANAGING BULK
- New practices and concepts
- Defining archives as historical documents
- Archival appraisal
- Records management
28REDEFINING ARCHIVES AND MANAGING BULK
- Records Management
- Records Disposal Act, 1943
- General schedule, 1945
- Records Center, 1950
- Developed concepts to promote office efficiency,
protection
29REDEFINING ARCHIVES AND MANAGING BULK
- Professionalization of records work
- Royal Dutch Society of Archivists, 1891
- Society of American Archivists, 1936
- International Council on Archives, 1950
- Association of Records Managers and
Administrators, 1955
30Epochs in the Development ofArchival and Records
Enterprise
- Establishment of Modern Archival Practice,
1789-1898
- Redefining Archives and Managing Bulk Archival
Administration and Records Management, c.
1900-continuing
- Age of the Electronic Record, 1980s-continuing
31ELECTRONIC RECORDS AGE
- Machine-readable records
- Radically new form/media of record
32CONCLUSIONS
- DEPTH AND EXTENT OF CHANGE
- First Writing as basis of authentic information,
c. 1000-c. 1300
- Second Modern concepts of managing records,
1789-1898
- Third Electronic record, 1990s-
33CONCLUSIONS
- FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES
- Defining and establishing ownership of the
record
- Authenticity, security, and preservation
- Adopting, adapting to, and controlling records in
new media
34CONCLUSIONS
- FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES
- Role of archives in society
- Uses of the term archives
- Managing yet increasing volume of records
- Role of the archivist/records administrator