B%20physics,%20CP%20violation%20and%20CKM%20(Theory)

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B physics, CP violation and CKM (Theory)

• Vali Bashiry (IPM)
• Feb 12, 2007

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Plan of this talk

• Flavor Mesons (B, D, K)
• Unitarity triangle and New Physics
• B rare decays and B-gt tn
• Bs mixing and Bs -gtmm
• Future of flavor physics

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3 FAMILIES - out of the vacuum
Leptons
Quarks
Family 1 (light)
Family 2 (heavy)
Family 3 (v. heavy)
WHY 3 FAMILIES ??
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3 FAMILIES - out of the vacuum
Leptons
Quarks
Family 1 (light)
Family 2 (heavy)
Bc
Bs
Family 3 (v. heavy)
WHY 3 FAMILIES ??
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3 FAMILIES - out of the vacuum
Leptons
Quarks
Family 1 (light)
-
Bu
Bd
Family 2 (heavy)
-
Bc
Bs
Family 3 (v. heavy)
WHY 3 FAMILIES ??
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From the Higgs to the CKM Matrix
Quarks
Masses ?
Spontaneous Symmetry breaking
Scalar Higgs field
Yukawa coupling Higgs-quarks
from flavour to mass eigenstates
Interaction quarks-W (charged currents)
3?3 unitary matrix
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The Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix

• VCKM unitary and complex
• 4 real parameters . (3 angles
  and 1 phase)

Kobayashi, Maskawa 1973
Wolfenstein Parameterization (expansion in ?
0.2)
CPV phase
Explicit CPV in SM, if
non-degenerate masses
Jarlskog 1985
Link between flavour and CP violation
(phase invariant!)
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The Unitarity Triangle
B sector
K sector
Expect large CP-violating effects in B-System
b
Tree processes
Loop processes (mixing, ...)
New Physics?
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D0
2001
BTEV
?
ATLAS
2008
CLEO 3
1999
A Worldwide Effort
Studying CP Violation in the B System
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B deacysTree level Loop level (Penguin)
tree

• Pure Leptonic
• (B-gt l l-, B-gt l ?,)
• Hadronic
• (B-gtJ/yKs, B-gtfKs,.)
• Semileptonic
• (B-gtr l l-, B-gtK l l-,.)

B-gtJ/yKs
penguin
B-gtfKs
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The CKM Matrix Impact of B Physics
Observables CKM Parameters(?) Experimental Sources Theoretical Uncertainties Quality
?md (Vtd) (1?)2 ?2 BdBd ? f f X, XRECO fBd?Bd ?
?ms (Vts) A Bs ? f X ? fBs?Bs/fBd?Bd ? ?
sin2? ?, ? Bd ? cc sd, ss sd small ? ? ?
sin2? ?, ? Bd ? ?(?) ? Strong phases, penguins ?
? ?, ? B ? DK small ? ?
? ?, ? b ? u, Direct CPV Strong phases, penguins ?
Vcb A b ? cl? (excl. / incl.) FD(1) / OPE ? ?
Vub ?2 ?2 b ? ul? (excl. / incl.) Model / OPE ?
Vtd (1?)2 ?2 Bd ? ? ? Model (QCD FA) ?
Vts NP Bd ? Xs (K(?)) ?, K(?) ll (FCNC) Model ?
Vub, fBd ?2 ?2 B ? ?? fBd ? ?
(?) Observables may also depend on ? and A - not
always explicitly noted
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The Golden Channel

Penguin
Tree Diagram
(negligible)

• Single weak phase
• clean extraction of CP phase
• no CPV in decay

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Standard Inputs
status ICHEP02

• Vud 0.97394 ? 0.00089 neutron nuclear
  ? decay
• Vus 0.2200 ? 0.0025 K ? ? l?
• Vcd 0.224 ? 0.014
  dimuon production ?N (DIS)
• Vcs 0.969 ? 0.058 W ? XcX (OPAL)
• Vub (4.09 ? 0.61 ? 0.42) ?103 LEP
  inclusive
• Vub (4.08 ? 0.56 ? 0.40) ?103 CLEO
  inclusive moments b?sg
• Vub (3.25 ? 0.29 ? 0.55) ?103 CLEO
  exclusive
• ? product of likelihoods
  for ?Vub?
• Vcb (40.4 ? 1.3 ? 0.9) ?103
  Excl./Incl.CLEO Moment Analysis
• ?K (2.271 ? 0.017) ?103 PDG 2000
• ?md (0.496 ? 0.007) ps1
  BABAR,Belle,CDF,LEP,SLD (2002)
• ?ms Amplitude Spectrum02 LEP, SLD, CDF
  (2002)
• sin2? 0.734 ? 0.054 WA, ICHEP 02
• mt(MS) (166 ? 5) GeV/c2 CDF, D0, PDG 2000
• fBd?Bd (230 ? 28 ? 28) MeV Lattice 2000
• ? 1.16 ? 0.03 ? 0.05 Lattice 2000
• BK 0.87 ? 0.06 ? 0.13 Lattice 2000

Tree process ? no New Physics
Standard CKM fit in hand of lattice QCD
other parameters with less relevant errors
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CP violation and quark flavor mixing

• CP violation was discovered in KL decays in 1964,
  much before the Standard Model was proposed. This
  was a big mystery.
• Since then, there have been a great deal of
  progress in the elementary particle physics,
  which leads us to gauge interactions and three
  generations of quarks and leptons. Then,
  Kobayashi-Maskawa mechanism, proposed in 1972,
  has become a prime candidate for the theory of
  the CP violation.

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• In 2001, a large CP violation in the B sector was
  found at two B factories at KEK and SLAC. New
  discoveries in B decays have followed, such as a
  direct CP violation, b -gt sll, and b-gtdg.
• LHC will start running next year to explore TeV
  scale physics. Focus of flavor physics is also
  shifting to search for New Physics effects.
• There are a variety of ways to explore New
  Physics in K, Bd/Bu, Bs, D physics. Important
  information has been already obtained.

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Vus and CKM unitarity in the first row
Significant improvements in Kaon semi-leptonic
decays has been made at BNL, KTeV,CERN-NA48,
KLOE, and ISTRA in recent years. The CKM
unitarity is now satisfied with 1 s. A proposal
of Vus from t decay Vud from neutron life-time
and A-asymmetry.
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Unitarity triangle
Various observable quantities in K and B physics
constrain the angles and lengths of the unitarity
triangle.
B(K -gt pnn)
B(K0-gtp0nn)
DmBd, DmBs/DmBd,
eK
B(B-gtr(w) g)/B(B-gtK g)
b-gtu transition
Angle determination
f1/b CP asymmetries in b-gtccs modes. f2/a CP
asymmetries in B-gt pp, rr,rp. f3/g CP
asymmetries in B-gtDK, etc. (2f1g)/(2bg) CP
asymmetry in B-gtDp, etc
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The unitarity triangle a year ago
Already many observable quantities are
over-constraining the unitarity triangle.
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Is this enough?
Fit from tree level processes
Pre-ICHEP 06
Not, to study New Physics effects. In order to
disentangle new physics effects, we should first
determine CKM parameters by tree-level
processes.
We know (or constrain) which sector is affected
by new physics. Improvement of f3/g is essential.

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CP asymmetry in penguin-dominated processes
Summer 2005
Time-dependent CP asymmetry
(Dominant decay diagrams)
B-gtJ/yKs
tree
B-gtfKs
penguin
Summer 2006 update gt M.Hazumis talk
sin 2f1 is the same in the SM
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Recent theoretical calculations on DS
sin(2f1eff)-sin(2f1)

• There are efforts to calculate difference of CP
  asymmetries between penguin-dominated modes and
  tree-dominated mode in different methods (QCD
  factorization, Final-state interaction, Soft
  Collinear Effective Theory).
• Differences are estimated so far within a few
  for B to fKs and hKs modes in the Standard
  Model.

SCET Williamson-Zupan
QCDF Buchalla-Hiller-Nir-Raz
QCDF Beneke
QCDFFSI Cheng-Chua-Soni
DS(fKs)
DS(hKs)
DS(p0Ks)
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Rare B decays

• There are many rare decay processes sensitive to
  new physics effects.
• Electroweak penguin processes offer several
  theoretical clean observables.

Inclusive and exclusive b-gtsg Inclusive and
exclusive b-gtdg Inclusive and exclusive b-gtsll
1. Direct CP violation in b-gtsg,dg
(New phase)
2. Mixing-induced CP asymmetry in B-gtKg, Ksp0g.
(Right-handed photon operator)
3. Lepton forward-backward asymmetry in b -gtsll.
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• Many recent theoretical developments are
  reported.
• Status of NNLLQCD correction to b-gtsg, b-gtsll.
  (T.Hurth)
• Inclusive b-gtuln, b-gtsg,B-gtVV in SCET.
  (T.Feldmann)
• B-gtpp,Kp in SCET.(S.Jaeger)
• Correction to mixing-induced CP violation in
  B-gtKg, Ksp0g.
• Naively the asymmetry is suppressed by ms/mb
  (a few ), but there
• are corrections at 10 level in the SM.
  (B.Grinstein and D.Pirjol)
• Forward Backward Asymmetry in B-gtKll-
• QCDF calculation (M.Beneke,T.Feldmann,and
  D.Seidel)
• SCET calculation (A.Ali,G.Kramer and G.Zhu)

A.Ali,G.Kramer and G.Zhu
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Tauonic B decay
The Belle result of the B -gttn branching ratio.
gt R.Barlows talk
This is sensitive to the charged Higgs boson
exchange diagram in 2 Higgs doublet model as
well as SUSY models. New contributions are
important for the large tanb case
Charged Higgs exchange contribution depends on
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B(b-gttn) vs. B(b-gtctn) and B(B-gtDtn)
B(B-gttn)

• Related modes are inclusive and exclusive
  processes on b-gtctn .
• Inclusive B(b-gtctn) was measured at LEP

Constraint on r in 2HDM.
B(b-gtctn)/B(b-gtcen)
Belle ICHEP06
B(B-gtDtn)/B(B-gtDmn)
LEP
Y.Grossman, H.Haber and Y.Nir 1995
Two-fold ambiguity is not resolved by the
Inclusive mode. Exclusive modes are necessary.
H.Itoh,N.Gaur, Y.O
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Comparison with the charged Higgs boson
production at LHC

• The parameter region covered
• by B decays and the charged Higgs
• production overlaps.
• If both experiments find positive effects, we can
  perform Universality Test of the charged Higgs
  couplings.

B-gttn H-b-u coupling B-gtDtn H-b-c
coupling gb-gttH H-b-t coupling
SUSY loop vertex correction can break the
universality.
K.A.Assamagan, Y.Coadou, A.Deandrea
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Bs physics
This is a year of the Bs mixing.

Bs is quite different from Bd Large mass
difference (Dms/Dmd40) Sizable life-time
difference DGs/Gs 0(10) Almost no CP
phase in the Bs mixing amplitude in the SM.
If new physics effects induce a CP phase in the
Bs mixing amplitude
ASL
Large time-dep CP asymmetry in B-gtJ/yf (Syf)
DGltDG(SM) Correlation between
semi-leptonic asymmetry (ASL) and Syf.
Y.Grossman,Y.Nir,and G.Raz
Syf
Z.Ligeti,M.Papucci, and G.Perez
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Bs mixing and New Physics SUSY

• Supersymmetry introduces squarks and sleptons.
• Squark mass matrixes can carry information on
  SUSY breaking mechanism and GUT scale
  interactions.
• Quark flavor changing neutral current processes
  are sensitive to the off-diagonal elements of the
  squark mass matrix.

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SUSY GUT and Bs mixing
B(t-gtmg) vs. Dms/Dmd in SUSY GUT
SM
T.Goto,Y.O.Y.Shimizu,Y.Shindou,and M.Tanaka,2003
B.Dutta and Y.Mimura, hep-ph/0607147
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Bs mixing and New Physics Little Higgs model

• Little Higgs model a model with a composite
• Higgs boson.
• New particles (heavy gauge bosons, a heavy top
• partner) are introduced to cancel the quadratic
• divergence of the Higgs mass at one loop level.
• The mass of these particles are around
• 1 TeV if the model is extended with T parity.
  
• The lightest T-odd particle is a dark matter
• candidate.

N.Arkani-Hamed,A.G.Cohen, E.Katz,and
A.E.Nelson,2002
C.H.Cheng and I.Low,2003
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Flavor signals of T-odd fermions
T-odd SU(2) doublet mirror fermions
J.Hubisz,S.J.Lee, and G.Paz
Three flavor mixing matrixes Two are independent.
A new flavor mixing matrix can generate various
patterns of deviation from the SM.
M.Blanke,A.J.Buras,A.Poschenrieder,C.Tarantino,S.U
hlig,and A.Weiler
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Bs-gtmm and SUSY

• SUSY loop corrections can enhance B(Bs-gtmm) by a
  few orders of magnitude from the SM prediction
  for large values of tan b.
• Loop-induced neutral Higgs exchange effects

The discovery region of a neutral Higgs
boson through pp-gtbf0-gtbmm at LHC and the
discovery region of Bs-gtmm at Tevatron and LHC
overlap.
C.Kao and Y.Wang
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Future of Kaon phyiscs
A.Ceccuci
K0-gtp0nn

• K0L ? p0 n n KEK E391gt JPARC
• JPARC-P14
• K ? p n n
• CERN-SPSC-P-326 (a.k.a. NA48/3)
• JPARC-P09
• Transverse m polarisation in
• K ? p0 m n (T-Violation )
• JPARC-P06
• Other Initiatives
• DANAE (Frascati)
• OKA (Protvino)

M.Doroshenko
New limit 2.1X10-7 (KEK E391) based on 1/10 of
Run I data
65 signal, 93Bgds/year
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B physics at LHC
Much improvements are expected for Bs physics and
B-gtKmm measurements, etc.
ATLAS
T.Sivoklokov
LHCb 2fb-1
T.Ruf
CMS
U.Langenegger
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Super B factory
5X L(now)
50X L(now)
Current BelleBaBar integrated luminosity
L(now)1/ab
5/ab
50/ab
In many aspects asymmetric B factories are
complementary to B physics in hadron machine
(unique for neutrino and tau modes)
Super KEK LoI
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Pattern of New Physics effects
SUSY
Large Extra Dimension model
Different pattern of the deviations from the SM
prediction. Correlation with other physics
observables.
2003 SLAC WS Proceedings
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Summary

• B factory experiments continue to produce
  interesting results.
• Measurement of the Bs mixing have added a new
  dimension to flavor physics.
• All these developments are important to explore
  physics beyond the Standard Model from the
  aspects of quark flavor physics in the LHC era.