Predicated assembly and biomimetics in micro/nano-manufacture

1
Avogadro Scale Engineering Fabricational
Complexity
NSF-CBA Program Review MIT Cambridge, MA October
12, 2006
Molecular Machine (Jacobson) Group
jacobson_at_media.mit.edu
2
Complexity vs. Size
red blood cell 5 ?m (SEM)
diatom 30 ?m
DNA proteins nm
Simple molecules lt1nm
bacteria 1 ?m
m
SOI transistor width 0.12?m
Semiconductor Nanocrystal 1 nm
Circuit design Copper wiring width 0.1?m
Nanotube Transistor (Dekker)
IBM PowerPC 750TM Microprocessor 7.56mm8.799mm 6.
35106 transistors
3
DNA Synthesis
Chemical Synthesis(Solid Phase Synthesis)
Biological Synthesis(Error Correcting Polymerase)
Error Rate 1 102
100 Steps per second
Error Rate 1 106
300 Seconds Per step
3'-5' proofreading exonuclease
Beese et al. (1993), Science, 260, 352-355.
http//www.med.upenn.edu/naf/services/catalog99.pd
f
http//www.biochem.ucl.ac.uk/bsm/xtal/teach/repl/k
lenow.html
4
Resources for Exponential Scaling
Resources which increase the complexity of a
system exponentially with a linear addition of
resources
1 Quantum Phase Space 2 Error Correcting
Fabrication 3 Fault Tolerant Hardware
Architectures 4 Fault Tolerant Software or Codes
5
Complexity Per Unit Cost
INon Error Correcting
A
G
T
C
II Triply Error Correcting
A
G
T
C
A
G
T
C
A
G
T
C
n 300
P 0.9
P 0.85
n
p
n
6
Deinococcus radiodurans (3.2 Mb,
4-10 Copies of Genome )
D. radiodurans 1.75 million rads, 0 h
D. radiodurans 1.75 million rads, 24 h
Uniformed Services University of the Health
Nature Biotechnology 18, 85-90 (January 2000)
D. radiodurans 1.7 Million Rads (17kGy) 200
DS breaks E. coli 25 Thousand Rads 2 or 3 DS
breaks
http//www.ornl.gov/hgmis/publicat/microbial/image
3.html
photos provided by David Schwartz (University of
Wisconsin, Madison)
7
Synthetic Self Replication
BioFAB -Building a Fab for Biology-
Griffith, S. et. al. Robotics Self-replication
from random parts. Nature (2005),
437(7059), 636
Carr, P. et.al. .. Protein-mediated error
correction for de novo DNA synthesis. Nucleic
Acids Research (2004), 32(20), e162/1-e162/9.
Molecular Machines Group-MIT

• Air inlets
• Crushers
• Ganglion
• Multiple Visual sensors
• Muscles
• Pincers
• Sensory receptors
• Stridulatory pegs
• Wings

http//www.thetech.org/exhibits_events/traveling/r
obotzoo/about/images/grasshopper.gif