Predicated assembly and biomimetics in micro/nano-manufacture

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Avogadro Scale Engineering
Getting to the Age of Complexity
Day 1 - Form
Molecular Machine (Jacobson) Group MIT -
November 2003
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Molecular Machines (Jacobson) Group
red blood cell 5 ?m (SEM)
diatom 30 ?m
DNA proteins nm
Simple molecules lt1nm
bacteria 1 ?m
m
SOI transistor width 0.12?m
Semiconductor Nanocrystal 1 nm
Circuit design Copper wiring width 0.1?m
Nanotube Transistor (Dekker)
IBM PowerPC 750TM Microprocessor 7.56mm8.799mm 6.
35106 transistors
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Fabricational Complexity

• Total Complexity
• Complexity Per Unit Volume
• Complexity Per Unit TimeEnergy
• Complexity Per unit Cost

Ffab ln (W) / a3 tfab Efab Ffab ln
(M)e-1 / a3 tfab Efab
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There is Plenty of Room at the Bottom December
29th, 1959
The chemist does a mysterious thing when he wants
to make a molecule. He sees that it has got that
ring, so he mixes this and that, and he shakes
it, and he fiddles around. And, at the end of a
difficult process, he usually does succeed in
synthesizing what he wants
Richard P. Feynman (1918-1988)
http//www.zyvex.com/nanotech/feynman.html
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Caruthers Synthesis
DNA Synthesis
Error Rate 1 102
300 Seconds Per step
http//www.med.upenn.edu/naf/services/catalog99.pd
f
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Replicate Linearly with Proofreading and Error
Correction Fold to 3D Functionality
Error Rate 1 108
100 Steps per second
template dependant 5'-3' primer extension
5'-3' error-correcting exonuclease
3'-5' proofreading exonuclease

1. Beese et al. (1993), Science, 260, 352-355.

http//www.biochem.ucl.ac.uk/bsm/xtal/teach/repl/k
lenow.html
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Fault-Tolerant Circuits
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Resourcees for Exponential Scaling
Resources which increase the complexity of a
system exponentially with a linear addition in
resource.
1 Quantum Phase Space 2 Error Correcting
Fabrication 3 Fault Tolerant Hardware
Architectures 4 Fault Tolerant Software or
Codes 5 Nonlinear Functional Approximations
Can we combine these in new ways to create
something new?
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Avogadro Scale Engineering Goals

• Form Fabricating Complexity
• Function Statistical-Mechanical Engineering
• Foundations Fundamental Limits and Uncertainty
  Relations
• Formats Description Languages and Designs Tools

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Foundations Fundamental Limits, Conservation
Laws and Uncertainty Relations
Fundamental Limits Ffab ln (W) / a3 tfab
Efab Ffab ln (M)e-1 / a3 tfab Efab
Conservation Laws Conservation of Fragility Per
Unit Complexity (Doyles Law)
Uncertainty Relations DFabrication Complexity
DCode Complexity gt C1 DFragility DLatency gt C2
Resources for Exponential Complexity Scaling
1 Quantum Phase Space ,2 Error Correcting
Fabrication,3 Fault Tolerant Hardware
Architectures ,4 Fault Tolerant Software or
Codes, 5 Nonlinear Functional Approximations