History of the Internet

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History of the Internet
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1990 The death of ARPANET

• "In the beginning ARPA created the ARPAnet.
• "And the ARPAnet was without form and void.
• "And darkness was upon the deep.
• "And the spirit of ARPA moved upon the face of
  the network and ARPA said, Let there be a
  protocol, and there was a protocol. And ARPA saw
  that it was good.
• "And ARPA said, Let there be more protocols,
  and it was so. And ARPA saw that it was good.
• "And ARPA said, Let there be more networks, and
  it was so." (Cohen, 1989)

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The explosion!

• 1990 - Hypertext created. Archie created. Hosts
  now 313,000
• 1991 Gopher started.
• 1991 - WWW was born (Tim Bernes-Lee CERN).
  Birth of HTML.
• 1992 - Internet society created. Hosts 1,136,000.
  World Bank on line
• 1993 - First browser created Mosiac for X.
  Hosts 2,056,000, 623 web sites

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The take-over!

• 1994 - Commercial interest with Pizza Hut
  internet ordering. WWW becomes second most
  service on the net. Yahoo appears. Hosts
  3,864,000, / 10,000 web sites
• 1995 - Charging for private domains. Real Audio
  appears. Hosts 6,642,000 / 23,500 web sites
• 1996 - Most traffic through ISP. Hosts 15,000,000
  / web sites 603,000 and growing rapidly! Internet
  phones catch the attention of US
  telecommunication companies who ask the US
  Congress to ban the technology

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And nowis the end near?

• 1997 171 countries on the internet
• 1998 - Web size estimates range between 275
  (Digital) and 320 (NEC) million pages (4 million
  sites). Compaq pays US3.3million for
  altavista.com. Words like E-Commerce, E-Auctions,
  Portals and technologies such as E-Trade, XML,
  Intrusion Detection
• 1999 Hacking, Melissa, Love Bug. Even Railtrack
  on 31st Dec 1999 got hit. Denial of service
  attacks.

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Twenty First Century.

• 2000 - Over 17,000,000 web sites and growing at
  an exponential rate (1 billion pages)
• 2001 Napster, Code red virus, IE reaches 85,
  mobiles, 3G released. Sept 11th major use of
  finding people, High schools in five states
  (Michigan, Missouri, Oregon, Virginia, and
  Washington) become the first to gain Internet2
  access, First uncompressed real-time gigabit HDTV
  transmission across a wide-area IP network takes
  place on Internet2

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The Growth Of The Internet
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The Time Line
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The Networks
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The Growth and the Future

• There are now millions of websites with over one
  billion web pages.
• But as most people are well aware, the Web can be
  painfully slow World Wide Wait
• Most people still connect to the Internet using
  modems and telephone lines.
• Connecting to the Internet using fibre optic
  lines and via cable TV will increase bandwidth
  dramatically, making the Web more powerful.

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The Future Internet 2

• Formed in 1996 - administered by the University
  Corporation for Advanced Internet Development
  (UCAID)
• A partnership of universities, corporations and
  government agencies.
• Not a single network, but a consortium of
  hundreds of high-speed networks linked by fibre
  optic backbones.
• Transmits data up to 2.4 gigabits per
  second-45,000 times faster than a 56 K modem

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The Future

• The next-generation network went online in
  February, 1999, linking a number of universities
  around the world.
• 21st century services like interactive
  television, virtual 3-D videoconferencing,
  movies-on-demand, and much more.
• NASA has developed a Virtual Collaborative Clinic
  that connects medical facilities around the U.S.,
  allowing doctors to manipulate high-resolution,
  3-D images of MRI scans and other medical
  imaging.

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The Future

• Already seeing other Internet-enabled devices,
  such as pagers and mobile phones (WAP), which can
  send and receive e-mail and access the Web.
• Everything from your car to your refrigerator may
  be connected to the network, communicating with
  each other wirelessly.
• Electrolux has developed the ScreenFridge, an
  Internet icebox that manages your shopping.
• It can e-mail a shopping list to your
  cyber-supermarket and coordinate a convenient
  delivery time with your schedule.