Animal Science Livestock Buildings and Equipment

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Animal ScienceLivestock Buildings and Equipment

• Unit 4
• Mr. Gerbitz

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4.1 Discuss considerations in selecting sites for
livestock buildings and facilities

• of animals in the enterprise
• Space requirements per head
• Kind of facilities
• Location of facilities
• Environmental requirements
• Feed storage and handling methods
• Amount of land needed
• Amount of money and labor that is available
• Opportunity for expansion of the enterprise
• Coordination of new facilities w/ the existing
  facilities

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The Modified Lubbock System
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The Lubbock System
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4.2 List factors to consider when designing
livestock buildings.

• of animals in the enterprise
• Space requirements per head
• Kind of facilities
• Location of facilities
• Environmental requirements
• Feed storage and handling methods
• Amount of land needed
• Amount of money and labor that is available
• Opportunity for expansion of the enterprise
• Coordination of new facilities w/ the existing
  facilities

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Space Requirement- CattleFeedlots
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Space Required- CattleCorrals (over 1,200 lb)
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4.3 Discuss environmental conditions best suited
for various livestock species

• Cattle
• Swine
• Poultry
• Sheep
• Goats

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Kinds of Facilities

• Confinement
• Open feedlot
• Open barn and feedlot
• Feeding barn and lot

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Feedlots

• Confinement Barns
• Cold type
• One side of the barn is open (usually on the side
  away from the prevailing wind)
• Require less labor
• Cost is not that much greater compared to other
  open lots
• Fewer flies
• Cattle stay cleaner and yield 1-2 more when
  slaughtered
• Easier to observe cattle in a confinement system

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• Warm confinement barns
• Closed buildings that are insulated and kept
  warmer than outside winter temps.
• Most expensive type of cattle-feeding facility
• No comparative advantage in rate of production-
  WASTE OF MONEY!

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Open Feedlots

• Have no buildings for animals
• Protection for cattle is limited to a windbreak
  fences (4-12 manmade fence or 50-60 trees) and
  sunshades
• Well adapted for the small feedlots
• Require more land
• Can get very muddy/dirty

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Open Barn and Feedlot

• Uses an open barn to protect cattle from the
  weather
• Has open front with feed bunks at the other end
  of building
• Improves feed efficiency b/c of the protection it
  provides from the elements
• May have a paved strip along the open side of the
  barn and extending inward about 4-6 to help
  control mud
• Common in Midwest

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Corrals

• Makes it easier to handle cattle
• Reduces the amount of labor needed to handle
  cattle
• Saves time when handling cattle
• Reduces stress on the cattle when they are
  handled
• Reduces injury and weight loss when handling
  cattel
• Makes safer work environment
• Easier to treat diseased or injured animals
• Makes fly and parasite control easier

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Corrals

• Several pens are needed for holding and working
  cattle
• Water must be available in the holding pen
• Feed bunks may be needed for extended time frames
• Access must be provided to the sorting and
  crowding pens, and to the working chute

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Corrals-Sorting Pens

• Smaller than holding pens
• Should have at least two sorting pens
• Crowding Pens
• Should narrow down to the working chute
• Circle crowding pens work better b/c the animals
  cannot see the lines in front of them

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Chutes

• Should be able to hold at least three animals
• Must be narrow enough that the animal cannot turn
  around
• Walkways should be built alongside the chutes
• This helps insure a safe working environment
• Squeeze chutes and headgates are used to hold the
  cattle while certain treatments are performed
• Titling tables are also used to hold animals for
  treatment
• The animal is restrained and laid horizontally

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Loading Chutes

• Stepped ramps
• Safer and easier to load with
• Sloping ramps
• More dangerous b/c the animal may slip on the
  ramp due to animal waste and/or weather
  conditions
• Loading chutes should have solid sides
• This keeps the animal from seeing what is
  happening
• The top should be adjustable to accommodate
  different livestock trailer heights
• Need to have a walkway alongside the chute to
  help move the animals

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Post

• Spacing- 6-10 feet
• Rails should be bolted, not nailed, wired or w/
  lag screws
• Sharp or pointed objects should not be allowed to
  jut into areas through which the cattle move
• Gate posts
• 6 to 8 inches in diameter
• Set in concrete or packed, crushed rock
• Depth- 2 ½ to 4 feet
• Must be heavy enough to restrain cattle, but
  swing easily w/o sagging
• Corral needs to be in a convient location for
  feeding, working and transporting

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Swine Breeding Systems - Effects of Heat Stress
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4.4 Compare the different types of floors used in
livestock buildings

• Solid floors
• Cheaper to construct
• Harder to handle manure
• Partially slotted floor
• Less handling of manure required
• Totally slotted floor
• Eliminates the handling of manure
• More expensive
• Harder on feet/legs of animals

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4.5 Compare various types of silos

• Upright silos
• More expensive to construct, but lose less feed
• Gas-tight
• Conventional types
• Horizontal silos
• Cheap, but lose a lot of feed
• Trench-built below ground
• Bunker-built above ground
• Stack-temporary storage on the surface

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4.6 Explain why manure disposal is such an
important environmental issue

• Water runoff
• Foul odor
• Disease

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4.5 List the methods of storing and disposing of
manure

• Composting
• Lagoons
• Storage basins

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4.8 Compare the various types of fencing used w/
livestock

• Wood
• Steel pipe
• Metal panels
• Pre-fab tube panels
• Wire hog panels
• Barb wire
• Page (bull) wire