Sheep and Goat Industry

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Sheep and Goat Industry

• Animal Science Level 2

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Unit Map Follow Along in your packet

• WHAT ARE YOU LEARNING?
• AS.06.02(Basic) Recognize, identify, and
  evaluate the effects of diseases and parasites on
  animals.
• AS.03 Identify breeds of economically important
  animal species.

3
Know Understand Do!

• Know
• Types of sheep
• Basic Management practices
• Basic terminology

• Understand
• Use and variation in sheep breeds
• Importance of management in relation to industry
  and health
• Use of terminology in the industry

• Do
• Identify common sheep breeds
• Research disease prevention
• Define and utilize basic sheep vocabulary

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Key Learning Sheep and Goat Industry

• Unit EQ Why are sheep and goats rising in
  economic importance ?

Concept Sheep/ Goat Industry Lesson EQ How
are sheep and goats utilized in the animal
science industry? Vocab Lamb, Mutton, Wool
Concept Care and Management Lesson EQ How
does management effect the sheep/goat
industry? Vocab Drenching, Shearing, Lambing
Concept Sheep/Goat Breeds and Uses Lesson
EQ What characteristics define sheep/goat
breed uses? Vocab Meat, Dairy, Textiles
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History of sheep

• Todays sheep descend from wild sheep (Mouflon)
  of Asia and Europe
• Sheep are a source of fiber and meat
• Sheep were first domesticated about 10,000 years
  ago
• People used wool as much as 20,000 years ago

Corel Photo
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Introducing sheep to the world

• Columbus and other Europeans carried sheep to the
  New World
• Spanish missionaries introduced to sheep to
  Native Americans in Mexico
• Sheep are an important part of Navajo culture

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Introducing sheep to the world

• The Navajo word for sheep translates to that by
  which we live
• Merino sheep were imported to New England in 1793
• During the next 20 years, demand for the Merino
  spread across the Northeastern U.S.

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Sheep in the U.S.

• With the development of synthetic fibers in the
  20th century, the sheep industry has declined
• Sheep and lamb population peaked at 56.2 million
  in 1942
• In 1996, the sheep and lamb population had
  declined to 8.4 million
• In 2001, 66,000 sheep producers in the U.S. were
  raising 6.9 million sheep and lambs

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Wool

• Sheep have been bred to produce finer wool fiber
• People in Iran began selective breeding of sheep
  for finer wool 6,000 years ago
• Fine wool sheep breeds of today originated with
  the Spanish Merino, developed more than 1,200
  years ago

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Main areas in the Sheep and Goat Industry

• Dairy
• Milk Production
• Meat
• Wool/Textiles
• There are specific breeds that perform well in
  each area. There are also dual purpose breeds

11
What are the leading states and nations in sheep
and goat production, and what are the major
export and import markets for the United States?

• D. The United States exports only about 2 percent
  of its lamb and mutton production.
• Most U.S. mutton exports are to Mexico.
• E. The United States imports more than 50 percent
  of the dairy goat cheese products it uses and
  consumes.
• Most dairy goat cheese imports come from France.

12
How does the sheep and goat industry affect the
U.S. economy?

• Compared with the beef, dairy, and swine
  industries, the sheep and goat industry is
  relatively small in terms of production numbers
  and overall impact on the economy.
• On the other hand, the sheep and goat industry
  tries to increase sales in specialty markets.
• A. The sheep industry
• 1. The sheep industry has significantly changed
  over the past several years from wool to meat
  production.
• 2. The demand for lamb and mutton remains steady
  and shows little change in preferences.
• Americans have not traditionally consumed lamb
  regularly, the way they have beef, pork, and
  poultry products.

13
How does the sheep and goat industry affect the
U.S. economy?

• 3. The wool industry in the United States has
  changed as many wool mills have either closed or
  moved to other
  countries.
• This allows for export markets to
  increase slightly for
  wool and wool
  products.
• 4. The challenges for the sheep industry and
  American lamb products depend on the adoption of
  new technologies by producers, marketing
  improvements, research development, and
  perfection of efficiency at every stage of sheep
  production.

14
How does the sheep and goat industry affect the
U.S. economy?

• B. The goat industry
• 1. Dairy goat milk and cheese see a steady growth
  in consumer demand as people become more aware of
  the higher protein and lower cholesterol levels
  in goat products versus dairy cow products.
• Dairy goat producers market their products
  primarily through direct markets, farmers
  markets, or Internet sales, or they sell them
  directly to retail stores and restaurants.
• Goat milk can be used to make cheese known as
  chevre.
• 2. Meat goats are marketed through harvest
  facilities, auctions, or on-farm sites to private
  buyers.
• Meat goats are sold based on their size and age.
• An Easter kid is a noncastrated meat goat
  weighing 16 to 40 pounds that is usually sold
  seasonally to ethnic markets.
• Cabrito is the meat from a noncastrated
  milk-raised kid weighing 25 to 40 pounds.
• Technically, chevon is the meat from a goat of
  any age or size.

15
How does the sheep and goat industry affect the
U.S. economy?

• 3. As Hispanic and Asian populations continue to
  rise in the United States, so will the preference
  for goat meat.
• Historically, these populations have preferred
  goat meat in their diets.
• Faith-based populations have also increased in
  the United States, creating a greater demand for
  related food preferences.
• Goat meat is not generally available at grocery
  stores or supermarkets.
• It is sold at ethnic markets and specialty
  stores.
• 4. Great potential exists for the goat industry
  in the United States as ethnic populations
  continue to grow.
• Small goat farms have the greatest opportunity
  for growth as the demand in metropolitan areas
  increases.
• Goat meat also offers a healthy choice to meet
  the demands of health-conscious Americans.
• Industry groups must educate consumers and
  producers and increase marketing strategies.
• Other challenges of the goat industry relate to
  the price and availability of the meat.

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What food and non-food products are produced by
sheep and goats?

• Sheep and goats are very versatile and offer many
  products for human use.
• These animals provide both food and non-food
  products.
• Many of the non-food products are used in the
  manufacturing of items that are used every day.
• For example, baseballs are stuffed with wool and
  sewn with wool thread, the rubber lining is
  prepared from stearic acid, and the center cork
  contains processed blood.

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What food and non-food products are produced by
sheep and goats?

• A. Meat that comes from a sheep under one year
  old (young sheep) is referred to as lamb.
• Mutton is meat from a sheep that is over one year
  old.
• Mutton has a very different taste than lamb.
• Lamb is considered a delicacy.
• Mutton has a strong flavor and is not as popular
  as lamb.
• Meat from goats is referred to as chevon,
  depending on the age of the animal.

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What food and non-food products are produced by
sheep and goats?

• B. The hide of sheep is used for leather.
• The wool is used for clothing and other products,
  such as rugs, insulation, and artist brushes.
• The wool also contains lanolin.
• Lanolin is the grease found in the wool and is
  used in ointments and cosmetics.

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What food and non-food products are produced by
sheep and goats?

• 1. The fats and fatty acids from
  the carcass are used in
  products
  such as floor wax, candles, crayons, brake fluid,
  tanning
  lotion, cosmetics, and glycerol that helps
  asphalt stick.
• 2. The manure from sheep and goats can be used as
  fertilizer and contains nitrogen, phosphorus,
  potassium, and other various minerals.

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What food and non-food products are produced by
sheep and goats?

• 3. The horns, hooves, and bones are used in a
  wide variety of products, such as shampoos/
  conditioners, bone china, marshmallows, piano
  keys, and gelatin
  desserts.
• 4. The products manufactured from the intestines
  can be the casings for foods such as sausages and
  hot dogs.
• The intestines also provide materials used to
  make instrument strings.

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What food and non-food products are produced by
sheep and goats?

• C. Goat milk can be used to make a cheese known
  as chevre.
• Dairy goat producers market
  their products primarily
  through direct
  markets,
  farmers markets,
  Internet sales, or direct
  to retail stores and
  restaurants.
• Goat cheese is one of the fastest-growing cheeses
  in the specialty cheese market.
• It is considered a gourmet food, and restaurants
  use it in dishes such as pizza, salads, and
  desserts.

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What food and non-food products are produced by
sheep and goats?

• D. Meat goats are marketed through slaughter
  facilities, auctions, or on-farm sites to private
  buyers.
• Meat goats are sold based on their size and age.
• 1. An easter kid is a meat goat weighing 16 to 40
  pounds.
• It should not be castrated and is usually sold
  seasonally to ethnic markets.
• 2. A cabrito is the meat from a milk-raised kid
  that weighs 25 to 40 pounds and is not castrated.
  
• Chevon is the meat from goats of any age or size.
  
• Generally, chevon meat is from goats weighing
  over 60 pounds.
• 3. The price of goats is typically higher before
  major ethnic holidays.
• There is an increasing interest in goat meat in
  gourmet restaurants.
• Goat meat is often found on the menu and usually
  comes with a high price tag.

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What are the advantages and disadvantages of
sheep and goatproduction?

• Sheep and goat production has several advantages
  and disadvantages.
• A. The advantages of raising sheep and
  goats are
• 1. Sheep and goats are good grazers, and
  some do well on
  range environments.
• 2. Compared with beef animals, sheep and
  goats are efficient eaters of
  forage.
• 3. Sheep and goats are used for more than one
  purpose.
• 4. Lambs and goats have a fast growing rate, and
  return on investment can be seen in a short time.
  
• 5. Sheep and goats can be raised together.
• 6. Sheep are used in public and private areas to
  control plants like poison ivy and honeysuckle.
• 7. Sheep and goats are very popular for young
  children to raise as 4-H and FFA projects.

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What are the advantages and disadvantages of
sheep and goatproduction?

• B. The disadvantages of
  raising sheep and goats are
• 1. The price of wool is very low.
• 2. The popularity of lamb and
  mutton is low.
• Interest has lacked in lamb for the diet
  however, some improvements have been made in
  promoting the eating of lamb.
• 3. Disease and parasite presence is very high in
  the production of sheep and goats.
• 4. Predators, such as dogs, wolves, and coyotes,
  typically attack sheep and goats.
• 5. Animals used for more than one purpose can
  cause an increase in labor.

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Activities

• Pictures worth a thousand words
• Draw the history of the sheep up to today.
• Begin with where sheep came from, and end with a
  product sheep are used to produce
• Sheep are Better
• Draw an advertisement for a sheep product. In
  your advertisement, include WHY your product
  containing sheep is better than a similar/related
  product that does not include sheep products.

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Sheep and Goat Terminology

• Animal Science Level 2

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Review Activity

• Worksheet One
• Intro to Sheep and Goat Industry
• Use the internet to answer the questions on your
  worksheet.
• You can work in pairs on the computers.
• You have 30 minutes to complete this activity

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Terms Follow Along with your Worksheet

• buck
• cabrito
• cashmere
• chammy
• chevon
• chevre
• doe
• mutton
• ram
• wether
• wool
• yearling

• Easter kid
• ewe
• kid
• kidding
• lamb
• lambing
• mohair

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What are the proper terms used in describing
sheep and goats, and what are the parts of sheep
and goats?

• Knowing basic sheep and goat terminology is
  important.
• A. The following are common
  names and terminology used in describing
  sheep and goats.
• 1. A ewe is a female sheep.
• 2. A ram is a male sheep used for
  breeding purposes.
• 3. A doe is a female goat at any age.
• 4. A buck is a male goat at any age.
• 5. A kid is a goat of either sex under one year
  of age.

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What are the proper terms used in describing
sheep and goats, and what are the parts of sheep
and goats?

• 6. A yearling is a goat of either sex one year
  old or older but less than two years old.
• 7. A wether is a male sheep or goat castrated
  when it was young.
• 8. Lambing is the process of a sheep giving
  birth.
• 9. Kidding is the process of a goat giving birth.
• 10. Wool is a sheeps coat used as a fiber for
  products such as clothing.
• 11. Chammy is leather made from sheep or goats.

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What are the proper terms used in describing
sheep and goats, and what are the parts of sheep
and goats?

• B. When the main purpose of a sheep or goat is
  meat consumption, we look at it not only to
  identify its basic external parts but also to
  identify the meat cuts on the animal.
• 1. Many external parts of sheep and goats must be
  known to speak the language when judging or
  selecting one animal over another.

32
What are the proper terms used in describing
sheep and goats, and what are the parts of sheep
and goats?
33
What are the proper terms used in describing
sheep and goats, and what are the parts of sheep
and goats?
34
What are the proper terms used in describing
sheep and goats, and what are the parts of sheep
and goats?

• 2. Many other terms should be known in reference
  to meat cuts taken from sheep and goats.
• a. Lamb is meat from a sheep under one year old
  (young sheep).
• Mutton is meat from a sheep one year old or
  older.
• Lamb is considered a delicacy.
• b. Meat from a goat is referred to as chevon.

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Breeds
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Breeds of sheep

• 1,000 distinct breeds of sheep, with 50 breeds in
  North America
• Many of these breeds are rare and some are in
  danger of extinction
• In the U.S., four breeds account for more than
  two-thirds of the sheep population

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Breeds of sheep

• Sheep are raised for wool and meat some provide
  milk for cheese-making
• Breeds can be classified according the type of
  wool they produce
• Fine wool
• Medium wool
• Long wool
• Crossbred wool
• Hair sheep

www.damaras.com
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Southdown

• Medium- to small-sized breed
• Polled, medium-wool breed raised primarily for
  meat
• Early maturing breed
• Ewes have good lambing ability and average milk
  production

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Southdown
American Sheep Industry Association
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Hampshire

• Large medium-wool breed
• Mild disposition and polled
• Rapid growth and efficient feed conversion

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Hampshire
American Sheep Industry Association
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Suffolk

• Most common breed in the U.S. (40 percent of
  sheep population
• Medium-wool polled breed
• Raised primarily for meat

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Suffolk
American Sheep Industry Association
44
Shropshire

• Heaviest wool producers among medium-wool breeds
• Medium-sized
• Dual purpose breed suitable for both meat and wool

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Shropshire
American Sheep Industry Association
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Dorset

• Medium-sized medium-wool breed
• Both horned and polled varieties (polled is more
  common)
• Ewes are good mothers and good milkers
• Second most common breed in the U.S.

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Dorset
American Sheep Industry Association
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Delaine Merino

• Medium-sized fine-wool breed
• Originated in Spain 1,200 years ago
• Noted for producing the best wool in the world

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Delaine Merino
American Sheep Industry Association
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Rambouillet

• Fine-wool breed medium size
• Good carcass characteristics dual-purpose breed
• French in origin and descends from Spanish Merino
• Produce some of the finest wool in the world

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Rambouillet
American Sheep Industry Association
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Montadale

• Medium-wool, dual-purpose breed
• Produce high quality carcasses and excellent wool
  that is very white in color

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Montadale
American Sheep Industry Association
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Columbia

• Crossbred wool breed developed by the USDA in
  1912
• Produce large ewes with large lambs and good wool
  yield
• Survive well on range conditions of the western
  U.S.

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Columbia
American Sheep Industry Association
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Barbado

• Hair sheep originated in Texas
• Males are horned and females are polled
• Color is usually tan, tan with pale or black
  belly, or pied (has two or more colors in large
  spots or blotches

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Barbado
American Sheep Industry Association
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Cheviot

• Small-sized, medium-wool
• Polled
• Raised primarily for meat produces a
  high-quality lamb carcass
• Hardy sheep developed in Scotland and England

Objective 3 Evaluated on Assignment Sheet 1
59
Cheviot
American Sheep Industry Association
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What are common types of goats, and how do they
differ?

• There are more than 300 breeds of
  domestic goats.
• Selection of a specific breed for
  production depends on the
  growers personal needs and
  goals.
• Goats are typically classified into types.
• A. Angora goats originated in Turkey and are well
  adapted to areas not fit for other livestock.
• Angoras are almost totally white at maturity and
  produce up to 7 pounds of mohair each year.
• Angora goats are horned, with long, droopy ears.
• At maturity a buck weighs between 125 and 175
  pounds, and a doe weighs between 80 and 90 pounds.

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Goats Angora
62
What are common types of goats, and how do they
differ?

• B. Dairy goats can produce 5 pounds of milk per
  day.
• They supply 1.8 percent of the milk supply in the
  world.
• Goat milk has more minerals than cow milk and is
  easier for small children and elderly people to
  digest.
• The most common breeds raised in the United
  States, in order of their popularity, are French
  Alpine, LaMancha, Nubian, Saanen, and Toggenburg.
• 1. French Alpine goats are known as good milkers
  and have no distinct color.
• However, they are commonly shades of fawn, gray,
  brown, red, and black, or combinations of these
  colors.
• This breed has short hair. French Alpines are
  larger-sized goats with a rangy look.

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What are common types of goats, and how do they
differ?

• 2. LaMancha goats are known for their external
  ears.
• Two typesthe gopher ear and the elf earare
  distinctive breed characteristics.
• This breed has high milk production.
• 3. Nubian goats are all-purpose
  goats, useful for meat, milk, and
  hide production.
• They are not heavy milk producers, but their milk
  has a high-average butterfat content.
• Nubian goats have long ears.

64
What are common types of goats, and how do they
differ?

• 4. Saanen goats originated in Switzerland.
• They are known as heavy milk producers.
• Saanen goats are white or light cream in color,
  with white preferred.
• The hair should be short and fine.
• Saanens perform best in cooler conditions.
• 5. Toggenburg goats are a medium-sized
  breed from Switzerland.
• They are known to be the oldest credited dairy
  goat breed.
• Toggenburg goats have excellent udder development
  and high milk production.
• The color is solid, varying from light fawn to
  dark chocolate.
• Toggenburgs have erect ears.

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Dairy Goats
66
What are common types of goats, and how do they
differ?

• C. Meat goats are also known as Spanish goats and
  are used for both milk and meat.
• 1. Boer goats came from South Africa and made
  their first appearance to the United States in
  1993.
• Boer goats are known for their rapid growth rate,
  excellent carcass qualities, and adaptability.
• They have white bodies with red heads.
• This breed has grown in popularity among FFA and
  4-H projects, as well as in the show ring.

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Meat Goat Boer (boar)
68
What are common types of goats, and how do they
differ?

• D. Cashmere goats have been developed by
  selective breeding.
• Cashmere is the soft undercoat of fine down
  produced by goats.
• There is usually a large demand for cashmere
  since it is in short supply.
• Solid-colored goats are preferred in cashmere
  production, but multicolored goats are also used.
• E. Pygmy goats were originally imported from
  Africa.
• They are only 16 to 23 inches tall at the withers
  and have horns.
• They can be any color or combination of colors.
• The main uses of pygmy goats are for research, as
  pets, as 4-H and FFA projects, and in zoo
  exhibits.

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Cashmere and Pygmy
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Fainting Goats !
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Activity

• Iowa FFA CDE
• Live Stock Judging Sheep
• Have out paper!

72
Sheep and Goat IndustryDisease, Management,
Feeding

• Animal Science Level 2

73
What are common parasites and diseases that
affect sheep and goats, and what are appropriate
prevention and treatment methods?

• Several common parasites and diseases
  can affect sheep and goats.
• Good management systems and
  prevention programs can control these.
• A. External parasites attack sheep and goats.
• Lice, horn flies, stable flies, ticks, blowflies,
  mange mites, and mosquitoes are common external
  parasites.
• Symptoms include bites, scabs, and sores on the
  hide.
• Pesticides sprayed around the pen or directly on
  the animal can serve as a treatment.
• Good sanitation and sound management practices
  are preventives.

74
What are common parasites and diseases that
affect sheep and goats, and what are appropriate
prevention and treatment methods?

• B. Internal parasites can live in sheep and goats
  for a long time and interfere with nutrients,
  cause diarrhea, and result in poor performance.
• Common internal parasites
  are lungworms,
  stomach and
  intestinal worms, liver flukes,
  and
  coccidia.
• A good, sound worming program
  is necessary for
  successful
  production.
• C. Diseases can drastically affect sheep and
  goats.
• Veterinarians help producers manage flock or herd
  health in the presence of diseases.

75
What are common parasites and diseases that
affect sheep and goats, and what are appropriate
prevention and treatment methods?

• 1. Enterotoxemia, or overeating disease, is very
  common among growing lambs and kids.
• Because large amounts of feed are ingested,
  intestinal bacteria undergo rapid growth and
  release a toxin.
• Sudden death is usual in sheep and goats.
• Single lambs are more frequently affected than
  twins.
• Feeder lambs can also be susceptible once they
  are placed on heavy rations of grain or pasture.
• A common treatment is to remove all concentrates
  from the ration and feed solely roughage.
• The animals should be vaccinated, and the
  all-roughage ration should be continued until
  they have fully recovered.
• Preventive practices include a vaccination
  program, good management, and proper feeding.

76
What are common parasites and diseases that
affect sheep and goats, and what are appropriate
prevention and treatment methods?

• 2. Foot rot thrives in muddy areas where air is
  poorly circulated.
• Foot rot is caused by bacteria.
• Signs include a foul odor and a grayish, cheesy
  discharge, with
  lameness and intense pain.
• Vaccination is available to treat foot rot, or
  the
  rotten area can be trimmed away and the foot
  treated with 10 to 30
  percent copper sulfate.
• Prevention of foot rot includes proper trimming
  of feet, keeping muddy pastures drained, and
  using a foot bath.
• 3. Contagious ecthyma, or sore mouth, is a highly
  contagious disease.
• Sores/scabs appear on the lips and mouth.
• Humans are also susceptible to this disease.
• When applying antibiotic ointments as a
  treatment, the producer should wear gloves.
• Treatment should be applied until all sores are
  dried up.
• A vaccination program is a valuable tool in
  preventing the disease.

77
What are common parasites and diseases that
affect sheep and goats, and what are appropriate
prevention and treatment methods?

• 4. Bluetongue is caused by a virus and is
  transmitted by gnats.
• Commonly, gnats will infect sheared sheep during
  warm weather.
• Signs of bluetongue are fever, depression, nasal
  discharge, and loss of appetite.
• The lips become swollen.
• There is no treatment for the bluetongue virus.
• Prevention should include vaccination at shearing
  time.

78
What are common parasites and diseases that
affect sheep and goats, and what are appropriate
prevention and treatment methods?

• 5. Mastitis is an inflammation of the udder.
• Signs include fever, depression, decreased milk
  production, abnormal milk, hardening or
  sensitivity of the udder, and loss of appetite.
• Sometimes signs are not visible.
• Bacteria can spread through dirty
  lots and bedding.
• Several types of bacteria can
  cause mastitis.
• Controlling mastitis requires cleaning and
  controlling the environment.
• Treatments are sensitive to the severity of each
  case and may include antibiotics.
• Ewes or does should be moved to individual pens,
  and a veterinarian should be contacted.

79
What different types of production systems are
used for sheep and goats?

• Goats and sheep can be raised together.
• They complement each others eating likes and
  dislikes.
• There are five types of sheep production systems.
  
• Goats can be raised in similar situations.

80
What different types of production systems are
used for sheep and goats?

• A. The farm flock method of sheep
  
  production describes
  the farm flocks
  that can
  have one sheep or thousands of
  sheep.
• The farms are located in the midwestern, eastern,
  and southern United States.
• The purpose of farm flocks is to produce market
  lambs and wool.
• Many dairy goats are also raised with this type
  of production method and are popular throughout
  the country.

81
What different types of production systems are
used for sheep and goats?

• B. A purebred flock is one that sells rams and
  ewes of an ideal type.
• The management requirements are high, and
  knowledge of genetics is helpful.
• Many people starting a 4-H or FFA project will go
  to a purebred flock for their first purchases.
• Many dairy and meat goat breeds are raised in a
  purebred flock.
• These flocks express highly valuable genetics and
  are seen in the show ring.

82
What different types of production systems are
used for sheep and goats?

• C. The range band method of sheep
  production
  involves large bands of
  sheep (between 1,000
  and 1,500)
  that are managed over a large area
  by a herder.
• In high vegetation areas, sheep are used for
  meat.
• In low vegetation areas, sheep are used for wool
  because the feed is not suitable to produce a
  market-quality lamb.

83
What different types of production systems are
used for sheep and goats?

• D. Some producers use
  confinement methods.
• Confinement means raising
  animals completely indoors.
• This method is popular because
  of the need
  for less land, fewer
  parasite problems, the increased
  ability to
  monitor animals, and the success of raising other
  animals in confinement.
• Some disadvantages include increased building
  costs, higher feed costs, and the increased need
  for intense management.
• E. Lamb feeding production involves weaning lambs
  and selling them to feedlots where the lambs are
  fed out to slaughter weight.
• Meat goats are commonly raised in this type of
  situation.

84
What production practices are involved in the
reproductive management of sheep and goats?

• All types of producers must
  maintain efficient production
  practices to raise
  sheep and
  goats in a healthy and
  productive environment.
• These production practices
  start with well-managed
  breeding management systems.
• A. Kidding is the process of a goat giving birth.
  
• Lambing is the process of a sheep giving birth.
• The gestation period for goats is about five
  months.
• The gestation period for a sheep is about 150
  days.
• The gestation period can vary in both sheep and
  goat breeds.

85
What production practices are involved in the
reproductive management of sheep and goats?

• B. Sheep and goats are both seasonal breeders.
• They are typically bred in late summer and early
  winter.
• Meat goat breeding season depends on the
  decreasing of daylight.
• There are no true signs of estrus other than
  acceptance of a ram/buck.
• The estrus cycle of a ewe will occur every 16 to
  17 days, while that of a goat will occur every 18
  to 21 days.

86
What production practices are involved in the
reproductive management of sheep and goats?

• C. The number of lambs or kids a
  female may have will vary among
  breeds.
• It is common for dairy goats to have
  twins or triples.
• Twins or multiples are common in
  some sheep breeds.
• A good production practice in sheep is to
  calculate the percent lamb crop.
• The higher the percent lamb crop the more that
  will be ready for market.
• Another important production practice is to
  maintain the mortality rate below 25 percent.

87
What production practices are involved in the
reproductive management of sheep and goats?

• D. The rams and/or bucks are kept separate from
  ewes until breeding season.
• Rams should have access to water, pasture, and
  exercise.
• Rams will require some additional grain feed
  during breeding and cold temperatures.
• It is important to maintain a ram in good
  condition with low body fat.

88
What production practices are involved in the
reproductive management of sheep and goats?

• E. A bred ewe or doe will require
  high-quality hay, pasture, feed, water,
  shelter, and exercise.
• Supplemental grains are used to
  maintain health and condition during
  pregnancy.
• The ewe or doe should be observed
  very closely as parturition time occurs.
• 1. It is common to shear the ewes wool around
  the dock, flank, and udder.
• The ewe is also directed to a dry, sheltered pen.
  
• Once the ewe enters an individual pen, grain
  should be reduced.

89
What production practices are involved in the
reproductive management of sheep and goats?

• 2. There are many complications that could occur
  at lambing or kidding time.
• It is very important to observe and help
  ewes/does during the delivery.
• It is a good production practice to make sure the
  young lamb/kid is in the right position.
• It is also a good practice to make sure the
  ewe/doe accepts the young animal and allows
  nursing to begin.

90
What production practices are involved in the
care of lambs and kids from birth to weaning?

• Several production practices are
  involved in the care of
  newborn
  lambs and kids.
• A. Newborn lambs and kids
  should receive colostrum.
• Colostrum is the first milk given by the mother.
• It contains important nutrients for the newborn.
• Mothers that deliver multiples can show
  acceptance to either one or none.
• A common practice is to put a little bit of salt
  on the newborn lamb, allowing the ewe to lick and
  accept the baby.
• If the mother has had complications during
  delivery, it is important for the
  producer to have supplemental nursing equipment
  ready.

91
What production practices are involved in the
care of lambs and kids from birth to weaning?

• B. The navel on newborn lambs
  and kids should be dipped
  with
  iodine as soon as possible, and
  the newborn should be
  kept in a clean
  stall or pen.
• C. The newborn should be identified as soon as
  possible.
• Applying ear tags is a common method of
  identification for sheep and goats.
• It is important to maintain good recordkeeping
  practices.
• D. Lambs and kids should enter immediately into
  the flocks vaccination schedule.
• Lambs should be wormed and vaccinated for
  overeating at an older age.

92
What production practices are involved in the
care of lambs and kids from birth to weaning?

• E. Lambs should be docked as soon as possible.
• Docking is the removal or cutting off of part of
  the tail.
• Docking is important because later, as the lamb
  grows, it prevents manure from accumulating and
  parasite infestation of the tail.
• Lambs are typically docked from 3 to 10 days old.
  
• Docking can be accomplished with the use of an
  elastic bank or electric docker.
• Goats are not docked.
• F. Castration of lambs should be conducted during
  the first month.
• The equipment used is similar to docking.

93
What are the nutritional requirements of sheep
and goats?

• Sheep and goats are good grazers, and some do
  well in a range environment.
• These animals are known for their scavenging
  ability.
• Sheep and goats are efficient eaters of forage
  compared to beef animals.
• Sheep will eat short grass and some broadleaf
  plants.
• Goats will eat leaves off woody and broadleaf
  plants.

94
What are the nutritional requirements of sheep
and goats?

• A. Sheep and goats require
  carbohydrates and fats that
  are used for energy.
• These substances are mainly
  supplied through pasture
  and hay.
• Grain is used before and during
  lambing season, as well as during drought,
  overgrazing, and in snow-covered pastures.
• Grains commonly used in a sheep/goat ration are
  corn, oats, wheat, and grain sorghums.

95
What are the nutritional requirements of sheep
and goats?

• B. Sheep and goats also require
  high levels of protein.
• Protein levels are important due to
  the production of wool.
• Legume grasses and plants found in a pasture
  setting contain good sources of protein for
  sheep and goats.
• High-quality hay, containing alfalfa and clover,
  is also a good source of protein during the
  winter months.
• Protein supplements may be used.
• Sheep and goats raised in a range situation may
  develop a protein deficiency.
• The producer should provide supplemental protein
  to prevent and/or control this problem.

96
What are the nutritional requirements of sheep
and goats?

• C. Sheep and goats need minerals
  and vitamins in their
  rations.
• Salt and mineral mixtures are common
  supplements given to these
  animals.
• Vitamins A, D, E, and K are important
  and should be maintained
  in the diet or fed by free choice.
• D. Water is the final component of the sheep and
  goat diet.
• The average mature sheep will consume up to one
  gallon of water per day.
• It is important to offer fresh, clean water to
  sheep and goats.
• However, these animals can find water from other
  sources, such as snow, dew, and lush, green
  pastures.

97
Activity

• Feeding and Management reading and worksheet
• Youre the Expert
• Your friend just purchased a large plot of land
  and they want to raise sheep just like their
  neighbors.
• PROBLEM They know NOTHING about sheep!
• Explain to your friend (who has never heard of
  sheep before and knows nothing about care) how
  they should set up, care for, and run their sheep
  operation.
• INCLUDE vocabulary learned in class, and
  UNDERLINE your vocabulary. At least 10 words.

98
Test Review!