Stats

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Stats

• A recent survey found that 75 of handsoaps and
  67 of dish soaps (36 products sampled) contained
  Triclosan
• Seven years ago, only a few dozen products
  containing antibacterial agents were being
  marketed for the home. Now more than 700 are
  available.
• Stuart B. Levy, Tufts University School of
  Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts

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Triclosan

• The most common household disinfectant additive
• Also known as 2,4,4'-Trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl
  ether
• Registered as a pesticide with the EPA, it is a
  chlorophenol, a class of chemicals suspected of
  causing cancer.
• Triclosan appears to be a poor fungicide.
• E. Larson, 1992-1994, Association for
  Professionals in Infection Control and
  Epidemiology.

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Triclosan

• As a chlorinated aromatic, triclosan is similar
  in chemical structure to some of the most toxic
  chemicals on earth dioxins, PCBs, and Agent
  Orange.
• University of Minnesota scientists have
  determined that when triclosan in water was
  exposed to sunlight, it was chemically converted
  into a dioxin.
• BBC NEWS There are fears that normal sewage
  treatment procedures could convert triclosan into
  something even more toxic.
• CBC NEWS Anti-bacterial ingredient can become
  toxic ... McNeill, one of the lead researchers
  After chlorinated triclosan is discharged,
  sunlight could convert it into more toxic
  dioxins."

1. AY Chow et al. Nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic
effects of triclosan and chlorhexidine in rats.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1977 Oct42(1)1-10.
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Chemical Cousins
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Deadly Impurities?

• Impurities formed during Triclosan's manufacture
  (dioxins and dibenzofurans) are some of the most
  hazardous chemicals on earth.
• "Due principally to the synthesis chemistry of
  polychloro diphenyl ethers and phenoxy phenols
  there is the potential for the formation of small
  amounts of unwanted trace by-products which are
  of concern... Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and
  tetrachlorodibenzo-furan, which have chlorine
  atoms at the 2,3,7, and 8 positions, are
  considered the most toxic of the dioxins and
  dibenzofurans (4), with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo
  -p-dioxin referred to as one of the most toxic
  substances known.
• J. Menoutis, Ph.D., F.A.I.C., C.P.C, Quantex
  Laboratories.

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Skin Absorption and Liver Toxicity

• A summary report of the OTC panel of the FDA
  found that triclosan can cause liver injury at
  125mg/kg of body weight.
• AM Schmidt, OTC Topical Antimicrobial products
  and drug cosmetic products. Federal Register, 39,
  33102-33141.
• According to a study by AY Chow and colleagues
  for the Health Protection Branch, in Ottawa,
  Canada, Recent studies have shown that a small
  proportion of the Triclosan (incorporated in
  conventional soap, shampoo, or aerosol) applied
  to the skin of the rat or the guinea pig was
  absorbed.
• AY Chow et al., 1977 JG Black et al., 1975.

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Mutating Bacteria
"In the past two years, researchers have shown
that some germs can, at least in the laboratory,
mutate to counter triclosan's effects. That could
be a problem because so many household
productsfrom sponges to cutting boards to
dishwashing liquidsnow contain
triclosan. Christine Goman, TIME MAGAZINE
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Brand D Dish Soap
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Brand P Antiseptic Handwash
Also known as tetradecanoic acid 1-methylethyl
ester. A pesticide solvent that causes acne.
Considered a hazardous waste product (RCRA is
D001). Found lethal to rabbits (LD50) when
applied to the skin at gt5g/K.
Is produced by the condensation of formaldehyde
with 2-nitropropane a skin and eye irritant.
Made from petrochemicals may contain possibly
harmful trace impurities.
A synthetic, high molecular weight nonlinear
polymer of acrylic acid cross-linked with a
polyalkenyl polyether. Contains high levels of
benzene impurities. Produces liver abnormalities.
Synthetic perfume blend. Undisclosed chemicals
with unknown safety profile.
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Brand M Antibacterial Cleaner
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Brand L Antibacterial Cleaner
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Early History of Thieves

• During the 14th Century plage (known as the Black
  Death) the story was told of a band of thieves
  who robbed the corpses of plague victims.
• When captured, the bandits revealed the secret of
  their immunity from contracting the disease in
  exchange for leniency.
• The told of a concoction that included clove and
  rosemary that afforded them protection from
  contracting diseases.

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THIEVES OIL BLEND

• Clove (Syzygium aromaticum)
• Lemon (Citrus limon)
• Cinnamon Bark (Cinnamomum zeylanicum)
• Eucalyptus radiata
• Rosmarinus officinalis CT cineol

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CLOVE Long History

• Millennia-long history of safe use
• Documented use as a breath freshener in 3rd
  Century B.C.
• Subjects awaiting an audience with Chinese
  emperors were required to chew cloves to mask
  breath odors
• Ancient Hindu texts describe the use of cloves in
  treating dental disorders
• Avicenna treated putrifaction of the teeth and
  gums with clove pills

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Mystery of Ternate

• The Island of Ternate in the Moluccas Archipelago
  was the site of extensive clove cultivation in
  the 16th century
• When the Dutch destroyed the clove trees to
  protect their monopoly, the native inhabitants
  were decimated by disease.
• Researchers attributed the sudden onset of
  epidemics to the lack of clove leaves and
  flowers sufficient to purify the air.

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Long History 2

• New England physician, Thomas Palmer, wrote in
  1696
• Oyl of clovesstayeth ye putrifaction of the
  bones in old and new ulcers . . . It heals
  wounds, diseases, wind, digesteth cold humours.
  Causes a sweet breath.
• Thomas Berdmore, Operator for the Teeth to King
  George III, treated toothache with acrid
  aromatic substances including mace and cloves.

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Long History 3

• Eugenol, thymol, and carvacrol have been used in
  dentistry since the 19th century for root canal
  therapy, temporary fillings and cements,
  periodontal therapy, alveolar abscesses, and
  stomatitis
• Bernard Schechter, DDS
• A 1945 Materia Medica textbook for dentists lists
  the essential oils of clove, cinnamon,
  eucalyptus, peppermint, spearmint, and
  wintergreen as dental antiseptics.
• Currently designated GRAS by the FDA

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Long History 4

• Safety confirmed by NTP in lifetime animal
  studies.
• 1983, Technical Report No. 223, National
  Toxicology Program
• An Ames salmonella assay also showed eugenol to
  be antimutagenic, even when the pre-incubation
  time was boosted sixfold.
• 1995, Azizan Blevins, East Tennessee State
  University
• Animals studies at the University of Wisconsin
  Medical School achieved similar results in an
  animal model.
• The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food
  Additives established an acceptable daily intake
  of eugenol of 0-2.5 mg per K of body weigh.
• Daily per capita consumption is estimated to be
  0.6 mg.

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Clove Killing Power

• Clinical studies have shown that clove can kill
• 60 different species of Gram Negative and Postive
  Bacteria
• 13 different fungi
• 2 different viruses
• Why? Its natural chemical complexity is the key
  to its effectiveness.

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Clove GC Natural Complexity
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Clove kills Listeria monocytogenes

• Listeria invades the central nervous system,
  causing meningitis and/or encephalitis (brain
  infection) in immucompromised hosts.
• In pregnant women, the fetus is most heavily
  infected, leading to spontaneous abortion,
  stillbirths, or sepsis in infancy.
• Every year in the U.S. approximately 2,500 cases
  of Listeriosis are occur, with many more cases
  going unrecognized.
• About 500 deaths per year are attributed to
  listeriosis.
• 1. Lorber B. Listeriosis. Clin Intect Dis
  1997241-11
• 2. Centers for Desease Control and Prevention -
  Listeriosis

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Listeria Outbreaks
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Clove vs. Listeria

• Researchers at the Queen Margaret University
  College in Edinburgh, UK, found that clove and
  thyme essential oils markedly reduced bacterial
  extracellular proteins.
• Clove also reduces blood levels of phospholipase
  C, a toxin generated by Listeria that destroys
  red blood cells, degrades tissues and destroys
  cell membranes.
• Karatzas AK, Bennik MH, Smid EJ, Kets EP. J
  Appl Microbiol. 2000 Aug89(2)296-301.

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STUDY herpes n clove
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Antiviral Effects of Eugenol

• Eugenol strongly inhibits growth of HSV I and
  HSV II
• Eugenol significantly delayed the onset of
  herpetic lesion on the eyes of infected animals

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Toxic Molds

• Aspergillus parasiticus is a soil-borne fungus
  growing on both living and decaying plant matter.
  
• This mold produces mycotoxins as metabolic
  by-products.
• One mycotoxin, Aflatoxin B1 has been identified
  as being the most toxic. It has been shown in
  many studies to be carcinogenic, hepatotoxic and
  mutagenic.
• Dr. Radwan Farag found that clove oil at very
  minute levels (0.06 and 0.08) totally inhibited
  mold and aflatoxin production.

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Recent University Testing
Horne et al, 2001, Journal of Essential Oil
Research
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Modern Testing Thieves

• A 1997 study by Chao, Young, and Oberg tested
  Thieves essential oil (clove, lemon, cinnamon,
  eucalyptus radiata, and rosemary cineol) for its
  antimicrobial effects against pathogenic aerosols
• Micrococcus leteus (ATCC 4698)
• Common gram-positive bacterium
• Pseudonomas aeroginosa (ATCC 27853)
• Gram negative bacteria found in soil and dust
  that can cause serious infections in
  immune-compromised hosts
• Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923)
• Gram-positive opportunistic human pathogen
  carried by 30 of the population

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Effect of Thieves on Aerosol-borne Bacteria
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Thieves Antiseptic Action Increases with Time
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Results

• Studies at Weber State University showed that
  only 20 minutes of diffusing Thieves essential
  oil blend
• killed 99.2 and 99.3 of all airborne
  Micrococcus luteus bacteria in two separate
  trials
• The longer the oil was diffused, the greater the
  reduction in microorganisms
• Sue Chao, Weber State University, 1996.

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Thieves SPRAY

• THIEVES
• Clove (Syzygium aromaticum)
• Lemon (Citrus limon)
• Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum)
• Eucalyptus radiata
• Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis CT 1.8 Cineol)
• Pure grain ethanol
• Pure distilled coconut oil
• Soy Lecithin

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Thieves LOZENGES

• Thieves EO
• Peppermint EO (Mentha piperita)
• Orange EO (Citrus aurantium)
• Xylitol
• Sorbitol
• Cellulose

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Thieves WIPES

• THIEVES
• Clove (Syzygium aromaticum)
• Lemon (Citrus limon)
• Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum)
• Eucalyptus radiata (Eucalyptus radiata)
• Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis CT 1.8 Cineol)
• Pure grain ethanol
• Pure distilled coconut oil
• Soy Lecithin

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Typical Cleaners
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Brand B Dish Soap
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Brand S Cleaner
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Brand L All-Purpose Cleaner
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Brand F All-Purpose Cleaner
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Thieves HOUSEHOLD CLEANER

• INGREDIENTS
• Ultra-safe petrochemical-free natural surfactant
  base
• Thieves Essential Oil
• Lecithin (Liposome concentrate)

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Super C Chewable

• An all-food source of totally natural vitamin C
  (L-ascorbic acid), vitamin P, and bioflavonoids
• INGREDIENTS
• Acerola cherry (Malphighia glabra)
• Citrus bioflavonoid (Citrus limon)
• Orange EO (Citrus aurantium)
• Calcium Carbonate
• Fructose

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Are Isolated Vitamins the Answer?

• Associated press reported in March 3, 2000 that
  isolated ascorbic acid (vitamin C) may speed up
  the hardening of the arteries.
• Why? According to epidemiologist Dr. James Dwyer,
  When you extract one component of food and give
  it at very high levels, you just dont know what
  you are doing to the system, and it may be
  adverse.

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Vitamin P

• Capillary fragility (tendency of blood vessels to
  rupture) is a hallmark of vitamin C deficiency
  (scurvy).
• After crystalline vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
  became available it was found that even large
  doses could not in improve this condition.
• Lemon juice however appeared to very effective.
  Why?
• It is preferable whenever possible to use the
  natural antiscorbutic foodsrather than the pure
  crystalline vitamin.
• Henry Borsook, PhD, Professor of Biochemistry,
  California Institute of Technology

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Flavonoids Vitamin C

• In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study with
  26 normal and hypercholesterolemic subjects by
  the University of Scranton in Pennsylvania in
  2001, researchers found that flavonoids combined
  with vitamin C produced far greater effects than
  either alone.
• Flavonoids are well known antioxidants. Their
  consumption in foods has been shown to decrease
  the risk of heart disease in epidemiological
  studies.
• The study showed that only vitamin C combined
  with citrus extract, but not vitamin C or vitamin
  E used alone, significantly lowered triglycerides
  and lipoprotein oxidation.
• Moreover the combination of natural citrus
  extract and vitamin C was a significantly better
  antioxidant than vitamin E.
• J Vinson and J Jang. J Med Food. 2001.

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Pure Vitamin C vs. Whole Food

• I had a letter from an Austria colleague who was
  suffering from a severe hemorrhagic diathesis
  (vascular type). He wanted to try ascorbic acid
  in his condition. Possessing at the time no
  sufficient quantities of crystalline ascorbic
  acid, I sent him a preparation of paprika that
  contained much ascorbic acid and the man was
  cured by it. Later we tried to produce the same
  therapeutic effect in similar conditions with
  pure ascorbic acid but we obtained no response.
• Dr. A Szent-Gyorgi
• A condition where the patient is much more
  prone to bleeding, including internally.