Clauses

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Clauses

• A Clause is a word group that contains a verb and
  its subject and that is used as a sentence or
  part of a sentence
• All have a subject and verb
• Not all have a complete thought

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Independent Clause

• A clause that has a subject, verb, and complete
  thought
• Can stand by itself in a sentence
• -The outfielders missed the easy fly balls.
• -The infielders were throwing wildly.
• -The outfielders missed the easy fly balls the
  infielders were throwing wildly.
• -The outfielders missed the easy fly balls, and
  the infielders were throwing wildly.

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Subordinate Clause

• Clause that has subject and verb
• but not a complete thought
• Cannot stand alone
• AKA a dependent clause, because it is dependent
  on the rest of the sentence to complete its
  meaning.

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Types of Subordinate Clauses
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Subordinate Clauses

• There are three types
• Adjective Clauses
• Adverb Clauses
• Noun Clauses
• All are subordinate, or dependent on the rest of
  the sentence. They cannot stand alone

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Subordinate Clauses

• Remember the difference between a phrase and a
  clause is that a clause has both a subject and a
  verb.

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Adjective Clause

• A Subordinate clause that modifies a noun or
  pronoun (i.e. acts like an adjective)
• I am now reading this book, which is a historical
  novel.
• A picture of those who had participated appeared
  in the paper.

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Adjective Clause

• Usually introduced by relative pronouns (pronouns
  that relate the clause to what its modifying)
• who, whom, whose, which, that
• The word its modifying is called an antecedent
• The topic about which he is writing is
  controversial.
• She is the person whom I trust most.

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Adjective Clause

• Can also be introduced by a relative adverb
• Where, when, etc.
• The word its modifying is still called an
  antecedent
• Here is the spot where we will have lunch

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Adjective Clause

• Can be Essential (restrictive) contains info
  necessary to the meaning of the sentence
• The oboe is the only instrument that I can play
  well.
• Or Nonessential (nonrestrictive) not necessary
  to the meaning of the sentence
• The oboe, which is a cool instrument, is what I
  play.

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Adjective Clause

• An adjective, adjective phrase, and an adjective
  clause all have the same job- to modify a noun or
  pronoun
• Strong women
• Women of strength
• Women who are strong

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Adjective Clause

• Make each of the following an adjective,
  adjective phrase, and an adjective clause
• Water ice
• Dress blue
• Students intelligence
• Quiet time

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Adjective Clause

• An adjective, adjective phrase, and an adjective
  clause all have the same job- to modify a noun or
  pronoun
• Ice Water, Water with ice, Water that has ice in
  it
• Blue Dress, Dress of blue, dress that is blue
• Intelligent students, Students of intelligence,
  students who are intelligent
• Quiet time, time of quiet, time when there is
  quiet

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Adverb Clause

• Subordinate clause that modifies a verb, adverb,
  or adjective
• Tells how, when, where, why, to what extent, or
  under what condition
• who pilots a balloon
• While the others worked
• so that I can see
• than it should be
• Before we left

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Adverb Clause

• Introduced by a subordinating conjunction-(A word
  that shows the relationship between the adverb
  clause and the word(s) it modifies).
• See page 97
• Does not serve a grammatical function
• While, so that, because, as if, wherever, even
  though, unless, etc.

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Noun Clause

• Noun Clause is a subordinate clause used as a
  noun
• It can be used anywhere a noun can be subject,
  predicate nominative, direct object, indirect
  object, object of preposition
• The whole clause acts as one noun and can be
  substituted with the word it or that

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Noun Clause

• Common introductory words for noun clauses are on
  pg. 99.
• They are similar to those used for Adjective and
  Adverb clauses
• how, that, what, whatever, when, where, whether,
  which, whichever, who, whoever, whom, whomever,
  whose, why.

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HW Due Thursday

• Worksheets- all

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HW Due Thursday

• Odds only- Chapter 4, pages 88-101
• Ex. 1, 2, 3, 5

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Research Today

• Do some digging into 4-5 topics that interest you
• See whats out there in terms of information
• Start with INFOTRAC before you search the web
• Order your top 5 choices
• Print out one source (Infotrac article, website,
  encyclopedia article) or check out a book
• Something you think might be useful to your
  number one choice topic
• Make sure it prints out with all info necessary
  to create a works cited entry

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Musical Devices (413)Take notes on pg. 28 of
notebook

• Use of language to create musical effects
• Consider musical quality as well as meaning when
  choosing words for a poem
• Use sound to reinforce meaning

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Musical Devices (413)

• Rhyme- repetition of accented vowel sounds and
  all succeeding sounds in a words that appear
  close to each other
• End rhyme at the end
• Internal rhyme within a line
• Exact rhyme all sounds rhyme exactly
• Approximate rhyme similar but not identical

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Musical Devices (413)

• Rhyme scheme gives a poem structure
• Identify by giving each new rhyme its own letter
• The splendor falls on castle walls A
• And snowy summits old in story B
• The long light shakes across the lakes, C
• and the wild cataract leaps in glory. B
• Blow, bugle, blow, stet the wild echoes flying, D
• Blow, bugle answer, echoes, dying, dying,
  dying. D

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Musical Devices

• Couplets pairs of rhyming lines
• Refrain recurring use of phrase, line, or stanza

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Musical Devices (413)

• Alliteration repetition of consonant sounds
• Assonance repetition of vowel sounds
• Onomatopoeia sound of a word imitates or
  suggests its meaning
• Murmuring, moan, smash, boom, humming, buzzing,
  etc

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Musical Devices

• Using your song lyrics (pg 29 in notebook)
• Find identify rhyme scheme
• Identify refrain(s)
• Identify any musical devices (alliteration,
  assonance, onomatopoeia, internal rhyme,
  couplets, end rhyme, exact or approximate rhyme,
  etc.)